Abstract Dispersal is a key mechanism shaping observed ecological and evolutionary processes. Owing to its inherent costs, dispersal incur trade-offs with many life-history traits. Here we propose and investigate a metapopulation model that follows an extinction-colonization dynamics. The problem is investigated within an evolutionary perspective in which individuals are constrained by a trade-off relationship between survival and dispersal. The dependence of the evolved levels of dispersal on local extinction rates, mortality, and other selective pressures, as well as on the shape of the trade-off relationship and its strength is investigated. The influence of dispersal costs on the evolutionary outcome is dependent on the shape of the trade-off relationship: while for strong trade-offs increased dispersal mortality leads to reduced levels of dispersal, higher mobility is found when the trade-off is weak. Among the main findings is the existence of a critical trade-off strength beyond that the metapopulation is no longer viable, i.e., it is doomed to extinction. These features are not qualitatively changed as local adaptation is taken into account.

中文翻译：

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基于生存分散权衡的灭绝殖民动态

摘要 扩散是塑造观察到的生态和进化过程的关键机制。由于其固有成本，传播需要权衡许多生活史特征。在这里，我们提出并研究了一个遵循灭绝殖民动态的元种群模型。这个问题是在进化的角度进行研究的，其中个体受到生存和扩散之间的权衡关系的约束。研究了扩散的进化水平对局部灭绝率、死亡率和其他选择压力的依赖性，以及对权衡关系的形状及其强度的依赖性。分散成本对进化结果的影响取决于权衡关系的形状：虽然对于强权衡而言，增加的传播死亡率会导致传播水平降低，但如果权衡较弱，则会发现更高的流动性。主要发现之一是存在一种关键的权衡强度，超出了复合种群不再可行，即，它注定要灭绝。由于考虑了局部适应，这些特征不会发生质的变化。