Cashew is the second most important edible tree nut crop after almonds. It is cultivated in more than 30 countries due to economic and nutritional importance. The global demand for cashew is increasing rapidly every year. Like in other perennial tree species, genetic improvement of cashew by traditional breeding is slow and unpredictable due to the long juvenile phase, high degree of heterozygosity, lack of juvenile-mature traits correlations and large size of the mature plant. Additionally, most of the yield and agronomic traits are genetically complex which complicate its breeding. Recently, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput genotyping technologies have expedited the pace of development of genomic tools and resources for genomics-orphan crops like cashew. The genomics advancements allow designing novel molecular breeding technologies with the potential for enhancing genetic gains and accelerating crop improvement, which is of utmost importance in the breeding of long juvenile species like cashew. In this review article, we describe the breeding objectives, advances in construction of linkage map, QTL dissection and development of genomic sequence resources in cashew. It is followed by a description of designing different genomics-based tools and strategies for accelerating the cashew breeding to quickly develop superior cultivars.

腰果是仅次于杏仁的第二重要的食用坚果类作物。由于经济和营养的重要性，它在30多个国家/地区种植。全球对腰果的需求每年都在迅速增长。与其他多年生树种一样，由于幼年期长，杂合度高，缺乏幼虫与成熟性状的相关性以及成熟植物的大小，传统育种对腰果的遗传改良是缓慢且不可预测的。另外，大多数产量和农艺性状在遗传上都很复杂，这使其育种复杂化。最近，下一代测序（NGS）和高通量基因分型技术加快了腰果等基因组孤儿作物的基因组工具和资源的开发速度。基因组学的进步允许设计新颖的分子育种技术，具有提高遗传增益和促进作物改良的潜力，这对于长腰果等腰果品种的育种至关重要。在这篇综述文章中，我们描述了腰果的育种目标，连锁图谱的构建，QTL解剖以及基因组序列资源的开发进展。接下来是对设计不同的基于基因组学的工具和策略的描述，这些工具和策略可加速腰果育种以快速发展优良品种。连锁图谱构建，QTL解剖和腰果基因组序列资源开发方面的进展。接下来是对设计不同的基于基因组学的工具和策略的描述，这些工具和策略可加速腰果育种以快速发展优良品种。连锁图谱构建，QTL解剖和腰果基因组序列资源开发方面的进展。接下来是对设计不同的基于基因组学的工具和策略的描述，这些工具和策略可加速腰果育种以快速发展优良品种。