A study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality and health risk assessment for drinking purposes around inactive mining areas in the rural regions of Vemula-Vempalli region using the water quality index (WQI) method. For this study, forty groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and analyzed for physical parameters and major cations and anions followed by standard methods of APHA. From the analytical results, most of the groundwater samples are in alkaline nature; EC, TDS, and TH values are below the permissible limit and major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺) & anions (Cl⁻, HCO₃, SO₄²⁻, F⁻, NO₃⁻) also within the permissible limit except fluoride and nitrate. Fluoride and nitrate in the groundwater range between 0.24–3 and 0.14–269 mg/L, respectively. Magmatic intrusions and water–rock interactions are main responsible for elevated fluoride in groundwater, and agricultural practices and usage of fertilizer are major responsible for higher nitrates in the groundwater. Piper diagram reveals that most of the samples belong to hydrochemical facies Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–HCO₃⁻ category in this region. A higher concentration of fluoride and nitrate in the groundwater may cause a serious impact on human health. Non-carcinogenic effects of F⁻ and NO₃⁻ were computed using total hazard index by adopting USEPA guidelines; THI values in drinking water range from 0.41 to 7.28 (adults), 0.41 to 7.38 (children) and 0.31 to 5.62 (infants); it reveals that children are more prone to the health impact than adults and infants. Overall assessment of WQI values (83.7–186.1 mg/L) shows that 7.5% (excellent), 80% (good), and 12.5% groundwater samples are very poor for drinking purpose in this region.

中文翻译：

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使用WQI方法监测饮用水目的的地下水水质及其对印度南部卡达帕区维穆拉-范佩利利地区非活跃矿井的健康影响

进行了一项研究，以使用水质指数（WQI）方法评估维默拉-范佩利地区农村地区非活动矿区的地下水水质和健康风险评估，以供饮用。在本研究中，从井眼中收集了40个地下水样品，并通过APHA的标准方法分析了其物理参数以及主要的阳离子和阴离子。从分析结果来看，大多数地下水样品均为碱性。EC，TDS，和TH值低于允许限度和主要阳离子（钙²⁺，镁²⁺，K ⁺，钠⁺）阴离子（氯^-，HCO ₃，SO ₄ ^2-，F ^-，NO₃ ^- ）也除氟化物和硝酸盐的允许限值内。地下水中的氟化物和硝酸盐的范围分别为0.24–3和0.14–269 mg / L。岩浆侵入和水-岩石相互作用是造成地下水中氟化物含量升高的主要原因，而农业实践和肥料的使用是造成地下水中硝酸盐含量较高的主要原因。荜图表明，大部分样品属于水化学相的Ca ²⁺ -Mg ²⁺ -HCO ₃ ^-类别中，此区域中。地下水中较高的氟化物和硝酸盐浓度可能对人体健康造成严重影响。的F非致癌作用^-和NO ₃ ^-通过采用USEPA指南使用总危害指数进行计算；饮用水中的THI值范围为0.41至7.28（成人），0.41至7.38（儿童）和0.31至5.62（婴儿）；它表明，儿童比成人和婴儿更容易受到健康影响。WQI值的总体评估（83.7–186.1 mg / L）显示，该地区的饮用水样本中有7.5％（优异），80％（良好）和12.5％的地下水样品非常差。