Reproductive dysfunction stemming from chemical agents may lead to infertility. We examined the protective effects of Calliandra portoricensis (CP) extract on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in rat, treated as follows: control (group 1), NMU + BaP (group 2), groups 3 and 4 received (NMU + BaP), and CP (50 and 100 mg/kg), respectively. Group 5: CP (100 mg/kg) alone, group 6: (NMU + BaP) and vincristine (VIN: 0.5 mg/kg) and group 7: VIN alone. Rats were injected at age 7, 10, and 13 weeks with single doses of NMU and BaP for 10 consecutive weeks. NMU + BaP significantly (P < 0.05) increased ovarian and uterine weight, and decreased bodyweight, while the organo-somatic index (OSI) of uterus and ovary increased 2.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively. CP co-treatment ameliorated the observed weight changes. Lipid peroxidation increased by 58% in the ovary, accompanied by decreases in ovarian and uterine GST, GPx, catalase activities, and total sulfhydryl level in NMU + BaP-treated rats. Uterine and ovarian myeloperoxidase activities, as well as nitric oxide levels also increased. CP co-treatment ameliorated the observed changes in antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory biomarkers. Furthermore, histopathology revealed fibrotic ovarian stroma, while uterine endometrium was infiltrated with inflamed cells. Immunohistochemistry showed weak expression of FSH, LH, p53, caspase-3, and Bax, whereas progesterone, iNOS, and Bcl-2 were strongly expressed in NMU + BaP-treated rats. CP treatment restored the architecture of these tissues. Conclusively, the root bark fraction of CP decreases oxido-inflammatory damage in ovarian and uterine tissues of NMU- and BaP-treated rats.

Impact statement

Infertility resulting from reproductive impairment is traumatic in families. Exposure to chemicals may play insidious roles not easily connected to infertility. We examined benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity and the role of Calliandra portoricensis in mitigating toxicity. In a bid to illuminate folk medical claims cloaked in mystery, unearthing lost knowledge, advance natural chemopreventive agents, and report new evidence lacking in the literature attributed to CP. Although CP is known to exhibit anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic effects in humans, its possible roles for mitigating toxicity stemming from inadvertent chemical exposures are reported here. Our findings affirm and further show that CP abates toxic response incumbent on oxidative damage and inflammatory responses associated with NMU and BaP exposure. Development of phytochemical derived from CP may serve as a potential natural therapy against chemical toxicities in individuals inadvertently exposed, and promote human health and reproductive satiety.

中文翻译：

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Calliandra portoricensis 改善 N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲和苯并 [a] 芘治疗大鼠的卵巢和子宫氧化炎症反应。

由化学药剂引起的生殖功能障碍可能导致不育。我们检查了Calliandra portoricensis ( CP ) 提取物对苯并 [a] 芘 (BaP) 和N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲 (NMU) 诱导的大鼠卵巢和子宫毒性的保护作用，处理如下：对照（组 1） 、NMU + BaP（第 2 组）、第 3 组和第 4 组分别接受（NMU + BaP）和CP（50 和 100 毫克/千克）。第 5 组：单独的CP（100 毫克/千克），第 6 组：（NMU + BaP）和长春新碱（VIN：0.5 毫克/千克）和第 7 组：单独的 VIN。大鼠在 7、10 和 13 周龄时连续 10 周注射单剂量的 NMU 和 BaP。NMU + BaP 显着（P < 0.05) 增加卵巢和子宫重量，减少体重，而子宫和卵巢的器官-体细胞​​指数 (OSI) 分别增加 2.3 和 1.4 倍。CP协同处理改善了观察到的体重变化。在 NMU + BaP 治疗的大鼠中，卵巢中的脂质过氧化增加了 58%，伴随着卵巢和子宫 GST、GPx、过氧化氢酶活性和总巯基水平的降低。子宫和卵巢髓过氧化物酶活性以及一氧化氮水平也增加。CP联合治疗改善了观察到的抗氧化酶和炎症生物标志物的变化。此外，组织病理学显示卵巢间质纤维化，而子宫内膜被发炎细胞浸润。免疫组织化学显示 FSH、LH、p53、caspase-3 和 Bax 的表达较弱，而孕酮、iNOS 和 Bcl-2 在 NMU + BaP 治疗的大鼠中强烈表达。CP治疗恢复了这些组织的结构。总之，CP的根皮部分减少了 NMU 和 BaP 处理的大鼠卵巢和子宫组织中的氧化炎症损伤。

影响陈述

生殖障碍导致的不孕症对家庭来说是一种创伤。接触化学物质可能会起到不易与不孕症相关联的阴险作用。我们检查了苯并 [a] 芘 (BaP) 和N-甲基亚硝基脲 (NMU) 诱导的卵巢和子宫毒性以及Calliandra portoricensis在减轻毒性中的作用。为了阐明神秘的民间医学主张，发掘丢失的知识，推进天然化学预防剂，并报告文献中缺乏归因于CP 的新证据。虽然CP已知在人类中表现出抗惊厥、止泻、解热、抗风湿和镇痛作用，此处报道了其在减轻因无意化学品暴露引起的毒性方面的可能作用。我们的研究结果证实并进一步表明，CP减轻了与 NMU 和 BaP 暴露相关的氧化损伤和炎症反应的毒性反应。来自CP的植物化学物质的开发可能作为一种潜在的自然疗法，对抗无意中暴露的个体的化学毒性，并促进人类健康和生殖饱腹感。