Radiocarbon dating is the gold-standard in archaeology to estimate the age of skeletons, a key to studying their origins. Nearly half of all published ancient human genomes lack reliable and direct dates, which results in obscure and contradictory reports. Here, we developed the Temporal Population Structure (TPS), the first DNA-based dating method for ancient genomes ranging from the Upper Palaeolithic to modern-day samples and applied it to 1559 ancient Europeans, Asians, and Caucasus individuals and to 2117 modern worldwide individuals. We show that TPS predictions for dated skeletons align with their known dates and correctly account for kin relationships. The TPS-dating of poorly dated Eurasian samples resolves conflicts and sheds new light on disputed findings, as illustrated by four test cases. We discuss the phenotypic traits of the Time Informative Markers (TIMs) that underlie TPS.

中文翻译：

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一种用于古代基因组的基因组定年工具可以解析数百个欧亚基因组的起源

放射性碳年代测定法是考古学中估计骨骼年龄的金标准，这是研究骨骼起源的关键。在所有已发表的古代人类基因组中，几乎有一半缺少可靠且直接的日期，这导致了晦涩而矛盾的报道。在这里，我们开发了时间人口结构（TPS），这是第一个基于DNA的年代法，用于从上古石器时代到现代样本的古代基因组，并将其应用于1559名古代欧洲人，亚洲人和高加索人以及全球2117名现代人个人。我们显示，TPS对已标日期骨骼的预测与其已知日期一致，并正确说明了亲属关系。TPS约会日期不佳的欧亚样本解决了冲突，并为有争议的发现提供了新的思路，如四个测试案例所示。