Tropical fisheries substantially contribute to the well-being of societies in both the tropics and the extratropics, the latter through ‘telecoupling’ — linkages between distant human–natural systems. Tropical marine habitats and fish stocks, however, are vulnerable to the physical and biogeochemical oceanic changes associated with rising greenhouse gases. These changes to fish stocks, and subsequent impacts on fish production, have substantial implications for the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In this Review, we synthesize the effects of climate change on tropical marine fisheries, highlighting the socio-economic impacts to both tropical and extratropical nations, and discuss potential adaptation measures. Driven by ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation and sea-level rise, the maximum catch potential of tropical fish stocks in some tropical exclusive economic zones is projected to decline by up to 40% by the 2050s under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario, relative to the 2000s. Climate-driven reductions in fisheries production and alterations in fish-species composition will subsequently increase the vulnerability of tropical countries with limited adaptive capacity. Thus, given the billions of people dependent on tropical marine fisheries in some capacity, there is a clear need to account for the effects of climate change on these resources and identify practical adaptations when building climate-resilient sustainable-development pathways.

热带渔业为热带和温带热带的社会福祉做出了巨大贡献，后者通过“电话耦合”（遥远的人类与自然系统之间的联系）。但是，热带海洋生境和鱼类种群很容易受到与温室气体增加相关的物理和生物地球化学海洋变化的影响。鱼类种群的这些变化以及随后对鱼类生产的影响，对联合国可持续发展目标具有重大影响。在本综述中，我们综合了气候变化对热带海洋渔业的影响，强调了对热带和温带国家的社会经济影响，并讨论了潜在的适应措施。在海洋变暖，酸化，脱氧和海平面上升的驱动下，在RCP8.5排放情景下，相对于2000年代，到2050年代，某些热带专属经济区的热带鱼种群的最大捕捞潜力预计将下降40％。气候驱动的渔业生产减少和鱼类种类组成的变化将随后增加适应能力有限的热带国家的脆弱性。因此，鉴于数十亿人某种程度上依赖热带海洋渔业，显然有必要考虑气候变化对这些资源的影响，并在建立适应气候变化的可持续发展途径时确定切实可行的适应措施。气候驱动的渔业生产减少和鱼类种类组成的变化将随后增加适应能力有限的热带国家的脆弱性。因此，鉴于数十亿人某种程度上依赖热带海洋渔业，显然有必要考虑气候变化对这些资源的影响，并在建立适应气候变化的可持续发展途径时确定切实可行的适应措施。气候驱动的渔业生产减少和鱼类种类组成的变化将随后增加适应能力有限的热带国家的脆弱性。因此，鉴于数十亿人某种程度上依赖热带海洋渔业，显然有必要考虑气候变化对这些资源的影响，并在建立适应气候变化的可持续发展途径时确定切实可行的适应措施。