Abstract

In speed-based sports that require fast reactions, the most accurate predictions are made once the players have seen the ball trajectory. However, waiting for the ball trajectory does not leave enough time for appropriate reactions. Expert athletes use kinematic information which they extract from the opponent’s movements to anticipate the ball trajectory. Temporal occlusion, where only a part of the full movement sequence is presented, has often been used to research anticipation in sports. Unlike many previous studies, we chose occlusion points in video-stimuli of penalty shooting in handball based on the domain-specific analysis of movement sequences. Instead of relying on randomly chosen occlusion points, each time point in our study revealed a specific chunk of information about the direction of the ball. The multivariate analysis showed that handball goalkeepers were not only more accurate and faster than novices overall when predicting where the ball will end up, but that experts and novices also made their decisions based on different kinds of movement sequences. These findings underline the importance of kinematic knowledge for anticipation, but they also demonstrate the significance of carefully chosen occlusion points.

摘要

在需要快速反应的基于速度的运动中，一旦球员看到球的轨迹，就会做出最准确的预测。然而，等待球的轨迹并没有为适当的反应留出足够的时间。专业运动员使用他们从对手运动中提取的运动学信息来预测球的轨迹。时间遮挡，其中仅呈现完整运动序列的一部分，经常被用于研究运动中的预期。与之前的许多研究不同，我们基于运动序列的特定领域分析，在手球罚球的视频刺激中选择了遮挡点。我们研究中的每个时间点都不依赖于随机选择的遮挡点，而是揭示了关于球方向的特定信息块。多变量分析表明，手球守门员在预测球的最终位置时不仅比新手更准确、更快速，而且专家和新手还根据不同类型的动作顺序做出决定。这些发现强调了运动学知识对预测的重要性，但它们也证明了精心选择的遮挡点的重要性。