ABSTRACT Nitrofurans comprise a class of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, which had been used extensively as therapeutic drugs and feed additives in animal husbandry. Because of the potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of these drugs and their metabolites, most countries have banned their use in food animals. However, driven by economic interests, the illegal use of nitrofurans poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, to safeguard health of the consumer, it is of paramount importance to develop efficient, sensitive, and reliable detection methods to monitor nitrofuran and their metabolite residues in animal-derived foods. In this paper, the progress in immunoassays for nitrofuran residues is reviewed, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluoroimmunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, immunochromatography, and immunosensor assay. Basic principles and applications of these methods were described and compared in this paper. Furthermore, the future perspective on the improvement and development of the immunoassays for the detection of nitrofurans has been discussed.

中文翻译：

---

硝基呋喃检测免疫分析研究进展

摘要硝基呋喃是一类合成的广谱抗菌剂，在畜牧业中广泛用作治疗药物和饲料添加剂。由于这些药物及其代谢物具有潜在的致癌和致突变作用，大多数国家已禁止将其用于食用动物。然而，受经济利益驱动，硝基呋喃的非法使用对人类健康构成重大威胁。因此，为了保障消费者的健康，开发高效、灵敏、可靠的检测方法来监测动物源性食品中硝基呋喃及其代谢物残留至关重要。本文综述了硝基呋喃残留免疫测定的研究进展，包括酶联免疫吸附测定、荧光免疫测定、化学发光免疫测定、免疫层析法和免疫传感器测定法。本文对这些方法的基本原理和应用进行了描述和比较。此外，还讨论了改进和开发用于检测硝基呋喃的免疫测定法的未来前景。