Bird banding has allowed us to understand diverse aspects of the life histories of migratory raptors. However, most banding stations are located at northern latitudes so what we know about the movements of these raptors is biased toward higher latitudes, primarily from Canada and the United States, leaving important gaps in our knowledge of their movements at lower latitudes. Our objective was to describe the migratory movements of Sharp‐shinned (Accipiter striatus) and Cooper’s (A. cooperii) hawks based on banding and recapture records of birds that migrate through Veracruz, Mexico. More specifically, we sought to determine their breeding, migration, and non‐breeding locations, estimate their migration distances, and contribute to a better understanding of their migration patterns. With a total of 80 records, we calculated migration distances and used Kernel Density Estimation analyses to identify where these hawks were recaptured or recovered by season. The distribution of recaptures and recoveries largely coincided with breeding locations in the Laurentian Upland and the Interior Plains physiographic regions. All migration records follow a trajectory that extends from the midwestern United States to the Gulf coastal plain of Mexico. The mean breeding season migration distance to Veracruz was 3374 km (a difference of 27 degrees of latitude) for Sharp‐shinned Hawks and 2926 km (a difference of 25 degrees of latitude) for Cooper’s Hawks. Our non‐breeding records indicate that populations of Accipiter hawks from these North American populations migrate the longest distances to reach Central America, the southernmost distribution of their migratory populations. Distances covered by both species represent round‐trip migrations that may be as long as 10,000 km. Our results support those of previous studies and illustrate how continental physiography influences the migration routes, migratory behavior, and migratory connectivity of these hawks.

中文翻译：

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劳伦山脉高地和内陆平原的鹰派鹰进行的迁徙时间最长：来自墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯的成鸟或成群鸟类的见解

鸟类带使我们了解了移徙猛禽的生活史的各个方面。但是，大多数绑带站都位于北纬，所以我们对这些猛禽运动的了解偏向于主要来自加拿大和美国的高纬度，这使我们对低纬度运动的认识存在重大差距。我们的目的是描述夏普胫（Accipiter striatus）和库珀（A. cooperii）的迁徙运动。）基于在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州迁徙的鸟类的绑带和夺回记录的鹰。更具体地说，我们试图确定它们的繁殖，迁移和非繁殖位置，估计它们的迁移距离，并有助于更好地了解它们的迁移方式。在总共80条记录中，我们计算了迁徙距离，并使用了内核密度估计分析来确定按季节将这些鹰重新捕获或恢复的位置。捕获物和回收物的分布与劳伦山脉高地和内陆平原地理区域的繁殖地点基本吻合。所有移民记录均遵循从美国中西部到墨西哥湾沿岸平原的轨迹。锋利的鹰队到韦拉克鲁斯州的平均繁殖季节迁徙距离为3374公里（相差27度），库珀鹰队的平均繁殖季节迁徙距离为2926公里（相差25度）。我们的非繁殖记录表明雀鹰从这些北美人群鹰派迁移距离最长的达到中美洲，他们的迁徙人口的最南端分布。两种物种所覆盖的距离代表往返迁移，可能长达10,000公里。我们的结果支持以前的研究，并说明了大陆生理学如何影响这些鹰的迁徙路线，迁徙行为和迁徙连通性。