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Inducing seed dispersal by generalist frugivores: A new technique to overcome dispersal limitation in restoration
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13731 Wesley R. Silva 1 , Cristiane P. Zaniratto 2 , José O. V. Ferreira 2 , Eduardo D. B. Rigacci 2 , Jasmim F. Oliveira 2 , Maria E. F. Morandi 3 , Jéssica G. Killing 3 , Larissa G. Nemes 3 , Laura B. Abreu 3
中文翻译：
通才的果蝇诱导种子扩散：克服恢复过程中扩散限制的新技术
更新日期：2020-08-03
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13731 Wesley R. Silva 1 , Cristiane P. Zaniratto 2 , José O. V. Ferreira 2 , Eduardo D. B. Rigacci 2 , Jasmim F. Oliveira 2 , Maria E. F. Morandi 3 , Jéssica G. Killing 3 , Larissa G. Nemes 3 , Laura B. Abreu 3
Affiliation
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- Dispersal limitation severely impairs the trajectory of restoration, mainly due to the lack of seed vectors bringing seeds from nearby habitats; a role played by many frugivorous vertebrates that can be absent or reduced in restored or degraded sites.
- Here we propose a new technique named Induced Seed Dispersal, that amplifies the role that many generalist frugivores have in seed dispersal. It consists in the offering of seeds embedded in the pulp of commercial fruits or whole native fleshy fruits in feeders to generalist frugivores, which ingest the seeds and defecate them elsewhere. We set feeders in a restored site and monitored the visiting pattern of these frugivores with cameras‐traps. We also set seed traps to retrieve seeds dispersed by frugivores and offered around 1,500 seeds of Cecropia hololeuca (Urticaceae) per week for 1 year.
- We recorded at least 24 generalist frugivore species of terrestrial mammals, bats and birds, which ingested/removed the seeds/fruits from the feeders. Seeds of C. hololeuca dispersed by marmosets were retrieved in the seed traps and germinated. We estimated a potential seed rain of more than 600 C. hololeuca seeds ha−1 mo−1.
- Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that this new technique can make use of generalist frugivores to assist restoration or regeneration into sites where seed dispersal is compromised by the lack of dispersers or limited seed arrival. Inducing seed dispersal by generalist frugivores is a low‐cost and easy‐managed technique that can be applied year‐round in restoration and forest enrichments at all scales.
中文翻译：
通才的果蝇诱导种子扩散：克服恢复过程中扩散限制的新技术
- 分散限制严重损害了恢复的轨迹，这主要是由于缺乏从附近生境带走种子的种子载体；许多节食脊椎动物所扮演的角色，在恢复或退化的地方可能不存在或减少。
- 在这里，我们提出了一种名为“诱导种子散布”的新技术，该技术可以放大许多通才主义者在种子散布中的作用。它包括将种子嵌入商业果肉或整个本地肉质果肉中的种子中，送给通才食肉的人，后者食入种子并在其他地方排便。我们将饲养者放置在恢复的地点，并使用相机陷阱监控这些节食动物的来访模式。我们还设置了种子收集器，以回收由果蝇散布的种子，并在一年内每周提供约1,500朵Cecropia hololeuca（荨麻科）种子。
- 我们记录了至少24种陆生哺乳动物，蝙蝠和鸟类的通才食草物种，它们从进食器中摄取/去除了种子/果实。通过mar子虫散布的霍氏梭菌种子在种子阱中回收并发芽。我们估计潜在的种子降雨超过600 C. hololeuca种子ha -1 mo -1。
- 综合与应用。我们的研究表明，这项新技术可以利用通配的节食植物帮助恢复或再生到缺乏分散剂或种子到达受限而影响种子传播的部位。由通才的食欲者诱导种子传播是一种低成本且易于管理的技术，可全年用于各种规模的恢复和森林致富。
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