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Evaluation of small scale n‐heptane fire extinguishing efficacy by natural antioxidants based pyrotechnic compositions: An experimental study
Fire and Materials ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 , DOI: 10.1002/fam.2888 Tribhuvan Kumar Pathak 1, 2 , Kumar Kaushik 1 , Satya Prakash Dobhal 1 , Pradeep Kumar Dixit 1 , Vandana Sharma 2 , Rajni Johar 3 , Pyar Singh Jassal 2 , Raj Pal Singh 1
Fire and Materials ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 , DOI: 10.1002/fam.2888 Tribhuvan Kumar Pathak 1, 2 , Kumar Kaushik 1 , Satya Prakash Dobhal 1 , Pradeep Kumar Dixit 1 , Vandana Sharma 2 , Rajni Johar 3 , Pyar Singh Jassal 2 , Raj Pal Singh 1
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The conventional pyrotechnic compositions (PCs) for firefighting application mostly consist of potassium nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate as oxidants and organic resin‐like phenol‐formaldehyde, melamine‐formaldehyde, epoxy resin and polyurethanes are used as reducers. Unfortunately, there are also some potential disadvantages to the use of conventional compositions. These are related to high combustion temperature with the generation of heat and flame which may cause secondary fire chances and hazards associated with the use of organic resins. Exposure to phenol, melamine, epoxy resins and polyurethanes are considered as a life‐threatening occupational hazard. Under the present study, new pyrotechnic compositions were prepared with the combination of natural antioxidants like ascorbic acid and gallic acid as reductant and mixture of potassium nitrate with potassium chlorate as oxidant. Fire extinguishing efficacies, calorific value, burn rate, the flame temperature of newly developed compositions was evaluated against potassium nitrate and phenol‐formaldehyde resin‐based conventional composition. Although both the new and conventional composition has shown good fire extinguishing efficacies, extinguishing 4.57 KW of small scale n‐heptane pool fire in 3 to 4 seconds, these newly developed compositions showed 67% to 76% reduction in flame temperature. It was also found that these new compositions exhibit a faster burn rate and lower calorific value than the conventional composition. To understand the fire extinguishing mechanism by the discharged aerosol particulate, its physical and chemical characteristics were assessed by a series of techniques viz; HRXRD, SEM, FTIR, EDX.
中文翻译：
基于天然抗氧化剂的烟火组合物评估小规模正庚烷灭火功效的实验研究
用于消防用途的常规烟火组合物（PC）主要由硝酸钾，氯酸根或高氯酸根作为氧化剂，而有机树脂如苯酚甲醛，三聚氰胺甲醛，环氧树脂和聚氨酯则用作还原剂。不幸的是，使用常规组合物还存在一些潜在的缺点。这些与高燃烧温度以及热量和火焰的产生有关，这可能导致二次燃烧的机会以及与使用有机树脂有关的危险。接触苯酚，三聚氰胺，环氧树脂和聚氨酯被认为是威胁生命的职业危害。根据目前的研究，以抗坏血酸和没食子酸等天然抗氧化剂为还原剂，硝酸钾与氯酸钾的混合物为氧化剂，制备了新型烟火组合物。针对硝酸钾和酚醛树脂基传统组合物，评估了新开发的组合物的灭火效率，发热量，燃烧率，火焰温度。尽管新组合物和常规组合物均显示出良好的灭火效果，但可灭火小规模的4.57 KW正庚烷在3至4秒内着火，这些新开发的组合物的火焰温度降低了67％至76％。还发现这些新的组合物比常规组合物表现出更快的燃烧速率和更低的热值。为了了解由排出的气溶胶颗粒引起的灭火机理，通过一系列技术对它的理化特性进行了评估。HRXRD，SEM，FTIR，EDX。
更新日期：2020-09-22
中文翻译：
基于天然抗氧化剂的烟火组合物评估小规模正庚烷灭火功效的实验研究
用于消防用途的常规烟火组合物（PC）主要由硝酸钾，氯酸根或高氯酸根作为氧化剂，而有机树脂如苯酚甲醛，三聚氰胺甲醛，环氧树脂和聚氨酯则用作还原剂。不幸的是，使用常规组合物还存在一些潜在的缺点。这些与高燃烧温度以及热量和火焰的产生有关，这可能导致二次燃烧的机会以及与使用有机树脂有关的危险。接触苯酚，三聚氰胺，环氧树脂和聚氨酯被认为是威胁生命的职业危害。根据目前的研究，以抗坏血酸和没食子酸等天然抗氧化剂为还原剂，硝酸钾与氯酸钾的混合物为氧化剂，制备了新型烟火组合物。针对硝酸钾和酚醛树脂基传统组合物，评估了新开发的组合物的灭火效率，发热量，燃烧率，火焰温度。尽管新组合物和常规组合物均显示出良好的灭火效果，但可灭火小规模的4.57 KW正庚烷在3至4秒内着火，这些新开发的组合物的火焰温度降低了67％至76％。还发现这些新的组合物比常规组合物表现出更快的燃烧速率和更低的热值。为了了解由排出的气溶胶颗粒引起的灭火机理，通过一系列技术对它的理化特性进行了评估。HRXRD，SEM，FTIR，EDX。
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