As a microwave radiometer seeing through clouds, Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) observations play a critical role in visually monitoring hurricane warm core structures. However, the presence of orbit gaps within the ATMS observations at low latitudes regions, where hurricanes frequently develop, raises concerns in monitoring hurricanes' spatial variability. To resolve this issue, this study generates gap‐filled ATMS brightness temperature data by using the smoothing algorithm of Penalized Least Square Discrete Cosine Transform. The accuracies of the missing‐filled brightness temperatures for temperature sounding channels are approximately within 1 K. Furthermore, the gap‐filled brightness temperature data from channels 5–12 are utilized to establish a three‐dimensional Hurricane Warm Core Animation System (HWCAS) in near real time (NRT), which helps to visually observe realistic warm core structures of a hurricane system. The information of hurricane warm core over open oceans and coastal areas is derived using a combination of three new regression‐based atmospheric temperature retrieval algorithms, with the averaged error typically within ±1 K at the vertical levels a warm core could occur. Each animation consists of 97 two‐dimensional atmospheric temperature anomaly images at different cross‐sections through hurricane core regions. The retrieved maximum temperature anomalies show well the formation, intensification, weakening, reintensification, and dissipation stages of Hurricane Florence that are similar to those from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis. They also show similar weakening and reintensifying stages to those of the maximum sustained winds by the best track data, albeit with some temporal lead/lag. With its strength in NRT hurricane monitoring, the HWCAS demonstrate its great potential in providing meteorologists with timely information of temperature anomaly fields in the inner‐core regions of a hurricane.

中文翻译：

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应用于飓风暖芯动画的先进技术微波探空仪数据的缺口填充

作为微波辐射计透过云层的观察，先进技术微波测深仪（ATMS）的观测在目视监测飓风暖芯结构中起着至关重要的作用。然而，在飓风频发的低纬度地区，ATMS观测中存在轨道间隙，这引起了对监测飓风空间变异性的关注。为了解决这个问题，本研究使用惩罚最小二乘离散余弦变换的平滑算法来生成空白填充的ATMS亮度温度数据。温度探测通道缺少的填充亮度温度的精度大约在1 K之内。此外，通道5–12中填充的亮度温度数据被用于建立近实时（NRT）的三维飓风暖芯动画系统（HWCAS），这有助于视觉观察飓风系统的真实暖芯结构。使用三种新的基于回归的大气温度反演算法的组合，可以得出开放海洋和沿海地区飓风暖芯的信息，在垂直高度可能会出现暖芯的平均误差通常在±1 K之内。每个动画均包含97个二维飓风异常图像，这些图像在飓风核心区域的不同横截面处。检索到的最高温度异常显示出良好的形成，强化，减弱，再强化，佛罗伦萨飓风的耗散和耗散阶段与欧洲中距离天气预报中心（ECMWF）的分析相似。通过最佳航迹数据，它们也显示出与最大持续风相似的减弱和增强阶段，尽管存在一定的时间超前/滞后。凭借其在NRT飓风监测中的实力，HWCAS展现了其巨大的潜力，可为气象学家及时提供飓风内芯区域温度异常场的信息。