The Eurasian logistics corridor is as important transportation hub delivering goods and services to countries along the belt and road. While greatly promoting the economic and social development of countries in the region, the corridor also presents enormous energy consumption and CO₂ emission challenges. In order to assess these demands, our study combines the Tapio decoupling model and the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) to analyze the relationship between transportation sector development and CO₂ emissions. Our study shows that transportation-intensity effect is the main driving force behind CO₂ emission reductions in developed countries, while the energy-intensity effect is key to reducing transportation CO₂ emissions in developing countries. Moreover, we demonstrated that carbon- and transportation-intensity effects inhibit transportation CO₂ emissions, while the factors of economic structure and population size help to increase transportation CO₂ emission levels. Finally, our research provides an important reference for economies seeking to develop greener transportation sectors.