The main surgical strategy for gastrointestinal tract malignancy is en bloc resection, which consists of not only resection of the involved organs but also simultaneous resection of the surrounding or adjacent mesenteries that contain lymph vessels and nodes. After resection of the diseased organs, the defect of the gastrointestinal conduit is replaced with organs located downstream, such as the stomach and jejunum. However, esophageal and gastric reconstruction using these natural substitutes is associated with a diminished quality of life due to the loss of the reserve function, damage to the antireflux barrier, and dumping syndrome. Thus, replacement of the deficit after resection with the patient's own regenerated tissue to compensate for the lost function and tissue using regenerative medicine will be an ideal treatment. Many researchers have been trying to construct artificial organs through tissue engineering techniques; however, none have yet succeeded in growing a whole organ because of the complicated functions these organs perform, such as the processing and absorption of nutrients. While exciting results have been reported with regard to tissue engineering techniques concerning the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus and stomach, most of these achievements have been observed in animal models, and few successful approaches in the clinical setting have been reported for the replacement of mucosal defects. We review the recent progress in regenerative medicine in relation to the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus and stomach. We also focus on the functional capacity of regenerated tissue and its role as a culture system to recapitulate the mechanisms underlying infectious disease. With the emergence of technology such as the fabrication of decellularized constructs, organoids and cell sheet medicine, collaboration between gastrointestinal surgery and regenerative medicine is expected to help establish novel therapeutic modalities in the future.

胃肠道恶性肿瘤的主要手术策略是整体治疗切除术，不仅包括切除受累器官，还包括同时切除包含淋巴管和淋巴结的周围或邻近的肠系膜。切除患病器官后，胃肠道缺损将被位于下游的器官（例如胃和空肠）所代替。然而，由于储备功能的丧失，抗反流屏障的破坏和倾倒综合征，使用这些天然替代品的食管和胃重建与生活质量下降有关。因此，在切除后用患者自己的再生组织替代缺损以补偿功能丧失和使用再生医学的组织将是理想的治疗方法。许多研究人员一直在尝试通过组织工程技术来构建人造器官。然而，由于这些器官执行复杂的功能，例如营养的加工和吸收，还没有一个器官能够成功生长。尽管有关上消化道的组织工程技术（如食道和胃）的报道令人鼓舞，但在动物模型中已观察到了大多数成就，并且在临床环境中成功替代的报道很少。粘膜缺损。我们回顾了与上消化道有关的再生医学的最新进展，例如食道和胃。我们还专注于再生组织的功能能力及其作为培养系统来概括潜在传染病机制的作用。随着诸如脱细胞构建体，类器官和细胞片药物的制造等技术的出现，胃肠外科手术和再生医学之间的合作有望在未来帮助建立新的治疗方式。