This study aimed to assess the effect of water activity (a_w) (0.93–0.95), pH (5.1–5.8), and concentration of calcium propionate (0.25 and 0.41%) on the germination time of individual spores of Penicillium paneum. The germination of single spores was examined by capturing images at every hour using the Axio Observer.Z1 inverted microscope ( × 100) connected to the camera at 25 °C for 96 h. The results indicated that P. paneum germination time was significantly affected by a_w and pH (ρ < 0.05). As most of the growth curves exhibited asymmetric shapes, the asymmetric model was fitted to germination data and the maximum percentage of viable spores (P_max; %), shape parameter (d), and germination time (τ; hour) were obtained. τ -values ranged from 26.5 to 40.7 h. After the Monte Carlo simulation, a probability distribution of time for 10% of the P. paneum population (t_10%) to germinate was obtained. The mean value of t_10% was 25 h, ranging from 15 to 47 h (95% confidence interval). The variability in germination and growth of P. paneum single spores highlights the challenge of predicting and preventing this critical phenomenon.

这项研究的目的是评估水活性（的效果一_瓦特）（0.93-0.95），pH值（5.1-5.8），和丙酸钙（0.25和0.41％）对个人孢子的发芽时间的浓度青霉paneum。通过使用连接到相机的Axio Observer.Z1倒置显微镜（×100）在25°C下每小时96小时捕获图像来检查单个孢子的萌发。结果表明，P. paneum发芽时间显著受一_瓦特和pH（ρ<0.05）。由于大多数生长曲线显示出不对称形状，因此将不对称模型拟合到萌发数据和最大活孢子百分比（P _max; 得到％），形状参数（d）和发芽时间（τ；小时）。τ值范围为26.5至40.7 h。在蒙特卡洛模拟之后，获得了10％的南美白。种群发芽的时间（t _10％）的概率分布。t _10％的平均值为25 h，范围为15到47 h（95％置信区间）。假单胞菌单孢子的萌发和生长的变异性突出了预测和预防这种关键现象的挑战。