Adipose tissue exerts multiple vital functions that critically maintain energy balance, including storing and expending energy, as well as secreting factors that systemically modulate nutrient metabolism. Since lipids are the major constituents of the adipocytes, it is unsurprising that the lipid composition of these cells plays a critical role in maintaining their functions and communicating with other organs and cells. In both positive and negative energy balance conditions, lipids and free fatty acids secreted from adipocytes exert either beneficial or detrimental effects in other tissues, such as the liver, pancreas and muscle. The way the adipocytes communicate with other organs tightly depends on the nature of their lipidome composition. Notwithstanding, the lipidome composition of the adipocytes is affected by physiological factors such as adipocyte type, gender and age, but also by environmental cues such as diet composition, thermal stress and physical activity. Here we provide an updated overview on how the adipose tissue lipidome profile is shaped by different physiological and environmental factors and how these changes impact the way the adipocytes regulate whole-body energy metabolism.

脂肪组织发挥多种重要功能，关键是维持能量平衡，包括储存和消耗能量，以及系统性调节营养代谢的分泌因子。由于脂质是脂肪细胞的主要成分，因此这些细胞的脂质组成在维持其功能以及与其他器官和细胞的交流中起着关键作用也就不足为奇了。在正负能量平衡条件下，脂肪细胞分泌的脂质和游离脂肪酸对其他组织（如肝脏、胰腺和肌肉）产生有益或有害的影响。脂肪细胞与其他器官紧密联系的方式取决于其脂质组组成的性质。虽然，脂肪细胞的脂质组组成受生理因素的影响，如脂肪细胞类型、性别和年龄，但也受饮食组成、热应激和身体活动等环境因素的影响。在这里，我们提供了关于脂肪组织脂质组谱如何由不同的生理和环境因素塑造以及这些变化如何影响脂肪细胞调节全身能量代谢的方式的最新概述。