Abstract

Lattice gauge theories, which originated from particle physics in the context of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), provide an important intellectual stimulus to further develop quantum information technologies. While one long-term goal is the reliable quantum simulation of currently intractable aspects of QCD itself, lattice gauge theories also play an important role in condensed matter physics and in quantum information science. In this way, lattice gauge theories provide both motivation and a framework for interdisciplinary research towards the development of special purpose digital and analog quantum simulators, and ultimately of scalable universal quantum computers. In this manuscript, recent results and new tools from a quantum science approach to study lattice gauge theories are reviewed. Two new complementary approaches are discussed: first, tensor network methods are presented – a classical simulation approach – applied to the study of lattice gauge theories together with some results on Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories. Then, recent proposals for the implementation of lattice gauge theory quantum simulators in different quantum hardware are reported, e.g., trapped ions, Rydberg atoms, and superconducting circuits. Finally, the first proof-of-principle trapped ions experimental quantum simulations of the Schwinger model are reviewed.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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在量子技术中模拟晶格规理论

摘要

晶格规理论起源于量子色动力学（QCD）背景下的粒子物理学，它为进一步发展量子信息技术提供了重要的智力激励。虽然一个长期的目标是对QCD本身目前棘手的方面进行可靠的量子模拟，但晶格规理论在凝聚态物理和量子信息科学中也起着重要作用。通过这种方式，晶格规理论既为跨学科研究的发展提供了动力，也为跨学科研究提供了框架，以发展专用数字和模拟量子模拟器，并最终发展可扩展的通用量子计算机。在本手稿中，回顾了量子科学方法研究晶格规理论的最新成果和新工具。讨论了两种新的互补方法：第一，提出了张量网络方法-一种经典的模拟方法-应用于晶格规理论的研究，以及有关Abelian和非Abelian晶格规理论的一些结果。然后，报告了在不同量子硬件中实施晶格规理论量子模拟器的最新建议，例如，被困离子，里德堡原子和超导电路。最后，回顾了Schwinger模型的第一个原理证明的俘获离子实验量子模拟。捕获的离子，里德堡原子和超导电路。最后，回顾了Schwinger模型的第一个原理证明的俘获离子实验量子模拟。捕获的离子，里德堡原子和超导电路。最后，回顾了Schwinger模型的第一个原理证明的俘获离子实验量子模拟。

图形概要