Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties in the biotechnology field. Cafestol, which is the one of the diterpene in coffee, has antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study aimed to synthesize the cafestol–chitosan–ZnO NP system to evaluate its antibacterial activity. ZnO NPs were produced by the chemical precipitation method. Optimization studies were performed to obtain the desired size of the ZnO NPs. The type of zinc salt [ZnCl₂, Zn(SO₄)], salt concentration (0.1; 0.2; 0.5 M), base type (NH₃, NaOH), reaction time (6, 12, 18, 24 h), mixing speed (300, 400, 500 rpm), and calcination time (1, 2, 3 h) parameters in the method were investigated to yield the targeted size. The optimum experimental conditions required to synthesize in the 45–60 nm size range were determined as a 0.2 M Zn(SO₄) salt type and concentration, NaOH base type, 18 h reaction time, at 400 rpm mixing speed and 2 h calcination time. After synthesizing the ZnO NPs coated with chitosan (CS), the cafestol was ligated to the CS–ZnO NP. It was proved by Fourier-transform infrared, differential scanning calorimeter/thermogravimetry analysis/diamond thermogravimetry analysis and scanning electron microscope analyses that cafestol–CS–ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized. The antibacterial effects of cafestol, CS, ZnO NPs, CS–ZnO NPs and cafestol–CS–ZnO NPs were evaluated on human pathogenic Gram-positive strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and Gram-negative strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The ZnO NPs, CS–ZnO NP, and cafestol–CS–ZnO NP (varying between 20 and 1000 μg/mL) completely inhibited bacterial growth for S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli. The incorporation of CS and CS–cafestol improved the antibacterial activity of the ZnO NPs samples against P. aeruginosa PA01 with a 75–87.5% inhibition. The obtained data shows that CS–ZnO and cafestol–CS–ZnO NPs have great potential for biological and pharmaceutical applications.

氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）在生物技术领域具有抗癌，抗糖尿病，抗菌和抗炎的特性。Cafestol是咖啡中的二萜之一，具有抗菌和抗癌活性。这项研究旨在合成cafestol-壳聚糖-ZnO NP系统，以评估其抗菌活性。ZnO NPs是通过化学沉淀法生产的。进行了优化研究以获得所需的ZnO NP尺寸。锌盐的类型[ZnCl ₂，Zn（SO ₄）]，盐的浓度（0.1; 0.2; 0.5 M），碱的类型（NH ₃，NaOH），反应时间（6、12、18、24 h），混合速度（300、400、500 rpm）和煅烧时间（1、2、3 h）参数进行了研究，以得到目标尺寸。在45-60 nm尺寸范围内合成所需的最佳实验条件为0.2 M Zn（SO ₄盐类型和浓度，NaOH碱类型，18 h反应时间，400 rpm的混合速度和2 h煅烧时间。合成被壳聚糖（CS）包覆的ZnO NP后，将咖啡甾醇连接到CS–ZnO NP。通过傅里叶变换红外，差示扫描量热仪/热重分析/金刚石热重分析和扫描电子显微镜分析证明，成功合成了cafestol–CS–ZnO NP。咖啡醇的抗菌作用，CS，氧化锌纳米颗粒，CS-ZnO系的NP和咖啡醇-CS-ZnO系的NP对人致病的革兰氏阳性菌株进行评价的金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923和北画家蜡状ATCC 11778和革兰氏阴性菌株铜绿假单胞菌PA01and大肠埃希氏大肠杆菌ATCC25922。ZnO NP，CS–ZnO NP和Cafestol–CS–ZnO NP（在20至1000μg/ mL之间变化）完全抑制金黄色葡萄球菌，蜡状芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的细菌生长。CS和CS-卡夫甾醇的结合提高了ZnO NPs样品对铜绿假单胞菌PA01的抗菌活性，抑制率为75-87.5％。获得的数据表明，CS–ZnO和cafestol–CS–ZnO NP在生物和制药应用中具有巨大潜力。