The human sense of smell is powerful. However, the way we use smell as an interaction modality in human–computer interaction (HCI) is limited. We lack a common reference point to guide designers’ choices when using smell. Here, we map out an olfactory design space to provide designers with such guidance. We identified four key design features: (i) chemical, (ii) emotional, (iii) spatial, and (iv) temporal. Each feature defines a building block for smell-based interaction design and is grounded in a review of the relevant scientific literature. We then demonstrate the design opportunities in three application cases. Each application (i.e., one desktop, two virtual reality implementations) highlights the design choices alongside the implementation and evaluation possibilities in using smell. We conclude by discussing how identifying those design features facilitates a healthy growth of this research domain and contributes to an intermediate-level knowledge space. Finally, we discuss further challenges the HCI community needs to tackle.

中文翻译：

---

气味空间

人类的嗅觉是强大的。然而，我们在人机交互 (HCI) 中使用气味作为交互方式的方式是有限的。在使用气味时，我们缺乏一个共同的参考点来指导设计师的选择。在这里，我们绘制了一个嗅觉设计空间，为设计师提供这样的指导。我们确定了四个关键设计特征：（i）化学，（ii）情感，（iii）空间和（iv）时间。每个功能都为基于气味的交互设计定义了一个构建块，并以对相关科学文献的回顾为基础。然后，我们在三个应用案例中展示了设计机会。每个应用程序（即一个桌面，两个虚拟现实实现）突出了设计选择以及使用气味的实现和评估可能性。最后，我们讨论了识别这些设计特征如何促进该研究领域的健康发展并为中级知识空间做出贡献。最后，我们讨论了 HCI 社区需要解决的进一步挑战。