Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a representative component of astragaloside saponins in dried roots of Astragali Radix. Astragaloside possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-fibrosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of AS-IV in antiaging remains unclear. In this article, we studied the function of AS-IV in antiaging by using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. We showed that AS-IV can prolong the lifespan of C. elegans in a natural aging model, a paraquat injury model, and a heat stress model and improve the movement capacity of nematodes. ¹H-NMR data indicate an improvement of glutamate content and a decrease in glucose in the AS-IV treatment group compared with the control. Further investigation revealed that AS-IV can induce the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes and increase the activities of SOD and CAT in the nematode. Interestingly, AS-IV could not extend the lifespan of sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, sod-4, sod-5, ctl-1, ctl-2, ctl-3, and daf-16 mutants. These data indicate that AS-IV prevents aging via mainly improving age-related functional declines, the antioxidant capacity of nematodes and partially modulating the insulin/insulin growth factor 1 signaling pathway activity. Our results provide new insights into how AS-IV prevents and treats aging.

中文翻译：

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黄芪甲苷通过改善与年龄相关的功能衰退和触发抗氧化反应来延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命

黄芪甲苷（AS-IV）是黄芪干根中黄芪皂苷的代表性成分。黄芪甲苷具有广泛的药理活性，包括抗菌、抗纤维化、抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护作用。然而，AS-IV 在抗衰老中的作用仍不清楚。在本文中，我们利用秀丽隐杆线虫（C. elegans）模型研究了AS-IV在抗衰老方面的作用。我们表明，AS-IV 可以延长线虫在自然衰老模型、百草枯损伤模型和热应激模型中的寿命，并提高线虫的运动能力。¹H-NMR 数据表明，与对照相比，AS-IV 治疗组中谷氨酸含量有所提高，葡萄糖含量有所降低。进一步研究表明，AS-IV可诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因的mRNA表达，提高线虫中SOD和CAT的活性。有趣的是，AS-IV 无法延长sod-1、sod-2、sod-3、sod-4、sod-5、ctl-1、ctl-2、ctl-3和daf-16 的寿命突变体。这些数据表明，AS-IV 主要通过改善与年龄相关的功能衰退、线虫的抗氧化能力和部分调节胰岛素/胰岛素生长因子 1 信号通路活性来防止衰老。我们的研究结果为 AS-IV 如何预防和治疗衰老提供了新的见解。