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A Systemic and Molecular Study of Subcellular Localization of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins
bioRxiv - Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-08-02 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.02.233023
Jing Zhang , Ruth Cruz-cosme , Meng-Wei Zhuang , Dongxiao Liu , Yuan Liu , Shaolei Teng , Pei-Hui Wang , Qiyi Tang

Coronavirus possesses the largest RNA genome among all the RNA viruses. Its genome encodes about 29 proteins. Most of the viral proteins are non-structural proteins (NSP) except envelop (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) proteins that constitute the viral nucleocapsid, envelop and surface. We have recently cloned all the 29 SARS-CoV-2 genes into vectors for their expressions in mammalian cells except NSP11 that has only 14 amino acids (aa). We are able to express all the 28 cloned SARS-CoV-2 genes in human cells to characterize their subcellular distributions. The proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are mostly cytoplasmic but some are both cytoplasmic and nuclear. Those punctate staining proteins were further investigated by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) using specific antibodies or by co-transfection with an organelle marker-expressing plasmid. As a result, we found that NSP15, ORF6, M and ORF7a are related to Golgi apparatus, and that ORF7b, ORF8 and ORF10 colocalize with endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interestingly, ORF3a distributes in cell membrane, early endosome, endosome, late endosome and lysosome, which suggests that ORF3a might help the infected virus to usurp endosome and lysosome for viral use. Furthermore, we revealed that NSP13 colocalized with SC35, a protein standing for splicing compartments in the nucleus. Our studies for the first time visualized the subcellular locations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and might provide novel insights into the viral proteins' biological functions.

中文翻译:

系统和分子研究SARS-CoV-2蛋白的亚细胞定位。

冠状病毒拥有所有RNA病毒中最大的RNA基因组。它的基因组编码约29种蛋白质。除构成病毒核衣壳,被膜和表面的包膜(E),膜(M),核衣壳(N)和Spike(S)蛋白外,大多数病毒蛋白是非结构蛋白(NSP)。我们最近将所有29个SARS-CoV-2基因克隆到了载体中,以在哺乳动物细胞中表达,但NSP11仅具有14个氨基酸(aa)。我们能够在人细胞中表达所有28个克隆的SARS-CoV-2基因,以表征其亚细胞分布。SARS-CoV-2的蛋白质大部分为细胞质,但有些同时具有细胞质和核蛋白。通过使用特异性抗体的免疫荧光测定(IFA)或与表达细胞器标记的质粒共转染,进一步研究了这些点状染色蛋白。结果,我们发现NSP15,ORF6,M和ORF7a与高尔基体有关,并且ORF7b,ORF8和ORF10与内质网(ER)共定位。有趣的是,ORF3a分布在细胞膜,早期内体,内体,晚期内体和溶酶体中,这表明ORF3a可能有助于感染的病毒篡夺内体和溶酶体用于病毒使用。此外,我们发现NSP13与SC35共同定位,SC35是一种蛋白质,可剪接细胞核中的区室。我们的研究首次显现出SARS-CoV-2蛋白的亚细胞位置,并可能提供有关病毒蛋白生物学功能的新颖见解。ORF3a分布在细胞膜,早期内体,内体,晚期内体和溶酶体中,这表明ORF3a可能有助于感染的病毒篡夺内体和溶酶体用于病毒使用。此外,我们发现NSP13与SC35共同定位,SC35是一种蛋白质,可剪接细胞核中的区室。我们的研究首次可视化SARS-CoV-2蛋白的亚细胞位置,并可能为病毒蛋白的生物学功能提供新颖的见解。ORF3a分布在细胞膜,早期内体,内体,晚期内体和溶酶体中,这表明ORF3a可能有助于感染的病毒篡夺内体和溶酶体用于病毒使用。此外,我们发现NSP13与SC35共同定位,SC35是一种蛋白质,可剪接细胞核中的区室。我们的研究首次显现出SARS-CoV-2蛋白的亚细胞位置,并可能提供有关病毒蛋白生物学功能的新颖见解。
更新日期:2020-08-03
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