BackgroundNo relationship has been reported between nonopiate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and anthropometric indices, including head circumference (HC). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal nonopioid drug use and HC at birth in neonates with NAS.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included neonates born between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2019, whose mothers had been taking antipsychotic, antidepressant, sedative, or anticonvulsant medications. The outcome measures were HCs of NAS infants and controls.ResultsOf 159 infants, 33 (21%) were diagnosed with NAS. There was no maternal opioid use among mothers during pregnancy. The HCs in the NAS group were significantly smaller than those in the control group. The median z-scores for HC at birth were −0.20 and 0.29 in the NAS group and the control group, respectively (P = .011). The median HCs at birth were 33.0 and 33.5 cm in the NAS group and the control group, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal antipsychotic drug use and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were independently associated with NAS (P < .001 and P = .004, respectively). Notably, benzodiazepine use and smoking were not independent risk factors.ConclusionsThe results suggest an association between maternal antipsychotic drug use and NAS, which was further associated with decreased HC. Careful monitoring of maternal drug use should be considered to improve fetal outcomes.

中文翻译：

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非阿片类药物引起的新生儿戒断综合征婴儿的头围

背景在非阿片类药物新生儿戒断综合征 (NAS) 与包括头围 (HC) 在内的人体测量指标之间没有相关性的报道。本研究的目的是确定母亲非阿片类药物使用与 NAS 新生儿出生时 HC 之间的关系。方法这项回顾性观察研究包括 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 3 月 31 日出生的新生儿，其母亲一直服用抗精神病药、抗抑郁药、镇静剂或抗惊厥药物。结果指标是NAS婴儿和对照组的HC。结果159名婴儿中，33名（21%）被诊断为NAS。怀孕期间母亲没有使用母亲阿片类药物。NAS组的HC明显小于对照组。中位数zNAS 组和对照组出生时的 HC 分数分别为 -0.20 和 0.29（磷= .011)。NAS 组和对照组出生时的中位 HC 分别为 33.0 和 33.5 cm。多变量分析显示，母亲使用抗精神病药物和选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂与 NAS 独立相关。磷< .001 和磷= .004，分别）。值得注意的是，苯二氮卓类药物的使用和吸烟不是独立的危险因素。结论结果表明母亲使用抗精神病药物与 NAS 之间存在关联，这进一步与 HC 降低有关。应考虑仔细监测母体药物使用情况以改善胎儿结局。