ABSTRACT In this work, we report the entomopathogenic potential of Akanthomyces muscarius LY72.14, a fungus isolated from a soil sample collected in the Southernmost sector of Las Yungas (Tucumán, Argentina) subtropical rainforest. The isolated fungus exhibited both pathogenicity and virulence in larvae, pupae and adults of the pestiferous fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus, ability that could then be applicable for fruit pest biocontrol. Groups of 120 late-third-instar larvae were inoculated by immersion with four different conidial concentrations of A. muscarius LY 72.14 ranging from 105 to 108 conidia mL−1. Mycosis was subsequently verified through different time lapses for larva (1–2 days), pupa (14 days) and adults (13 days). Results revealed adult stage as the most susceptible to fungal infection, with a mortality percentage of 29.4 ± 3.2%, whilst pupal mortality reached 7.8 ± 1.2%. On the other hand, larval mortality was similar to the non-infected control (5.9 ± 1.4%). When 108 conidia mL−1 fungal inocula were used, the total host mortality (involving the three fly developmental stages) reached 53%. Virulence against fly adults was significantly dependent on high conidial concentrations, achieving a LC50 value of 8.4 × 107 conidia mL−1, with a similar killing effectiveness pattern (43–45%) among 107 and 108 conidial concentrations. The promising herein demonstrated biocontrol potential of A. muscarius LY 72.14 to effectively infect and kill A. fraterculus under lab-condition assays, makes relevant to evaluate this native fungal isolate under field-cage and open-field conditions to weight the possibilities for biocontrol massive usage and its tentative application for integrated plague management. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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关于用于控制按实实蝇的 Yungas 本地真菌分离株 LY 72.14 的昆虫致病性和毒力的首次报告

摘要在这项工作中，我们报告了毒蕈真菌 LY72.14 的昆虫致病潜力，这是一种从 Las Yungas（阿根廷图库曼）亚热带雨林最南端收集的土壤样本中分离出来的真菌。分离出的真菌在有害果蝇实蝇的幼虫、蛹和成虫中表现出致病性和毒力，可用于果蝇生物防治。将 120 只晚三龄幼虫用四种不同分生孢子浓度的 A. muscarius LY 72.14 接种，范围从 105 到 108 分生孢子 mL-1。随后通过幼虫（1-2 天）、蛹（14 天）和成虫（13 天）的不同时间间隔来验证真菌病。结果显示成年期最容易受到真菌感染，死亡率为 29.4 ± 3.2%，而蛹死亡率达到 7.8 ± 1.2%。另一方面，幼虫死亡率与未感染的对照相似 (5.9 ± 1.4%)。当使用 108 个分生孢子 mL-1 真菌接种物时，总宿主死亡率（涉及三个苍蝇发育阶段）达到 53%。对苍蝇成虫的毒力显着依赖于高分生孢子浓度，LC50 值为 8.4 × 107 分生孢子 mL-1，在 107 和 108 分生孢子浓度之间具有相似的杀灭效率模式（43-45%）。本文的有希望证明了 A. muscarius LY 72.14 在实验室条件下有效感染和杀死 A. fraterculus 的生物防治潜力，与评估在田间笼子和露天条件下的这种本地真菌分离物相关，以衡量生物防治大规模使用的可能性及其在综合鼠疫管理中的暂定应用。图形概要