The membrane separation process has been significantly highlighted for the treatment of water and effluents in a scenario of water resource scarcity. Effective treatments capable of reducing costs and waste are always necessary, with the planning of the experiments before their execution of interest. The purpose of this work was to evaluate, through experimental planning, the influence of the polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and clay variables on the membranes’ parameters (viscosity and contact angle), seeking the best compositions for the production of hollow fiber membranes. Membranes were produced according to the compositions proposed by the planning and were characterized by Viscosity, Contact Angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and flow measurements. Through XRD, it was shown that the characteristic peaks of the clay remained in the membranes with higher concentrations. SEM analysis showed the influence of clay on the membranes’ porosity as well as the relation between “fingers” formation and PVP. From the flow measurement test, the relation between the obtained flow and the polymer and clay contents was verified. These tests showed the significant influence of clay on the membranes’ performance. Thus, the use of experimental planning resulted in the development of membranes and their importance in the design of future studies, making it possible to predict and simulate experiments.

中文翻译：

---

获得聚醚砜/添加剂膜的工艺参数优化

在水资源短缺的情况下，膜分离工艺在处理水和废水方面得到了显着的重视。能够降低成本和浪费的有效治疗总是必要的，并在执行感兴趣的实验之前进行计划。这项工作的目的是通过实验计划评估聚醚砜 (PES)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP) 和粘土变量对膜参数（粘度和接触角）的影响，寻找生产中空纤维膜。根据计划提出的成分生产膜，并通过粘度、接触角、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和流量测量进行表征。通过XRD，结果表明，粘土的特征峰保留在较高浓度的膜中。SEM 分析表明粘土对膜孔隙率的影响以及“指状”形成与 PVP 之间的关系。通过流量测量测试，验证了所获得的流量与聚合物和粘土含量之间的关系。这些测试表明粘土对膜的性能有显着影响。因此，实验计划的使用导致了膜的发展及其在未来研究设计中的重要性，使得预测和模拟实验成为可能。通过流量测量测试，验证了所获得的流量与聚合物和粘土含量之间的关系。这些测试表明粘土对膜的性能有显着影响。因此，实验计划的使用导致了膜的发展及其在未来研究设计中的重要性，使得预测和模拟实验成为可能。通过流量测量测试，验证了所获得的流量与聚合物和粘土含量之间的关系。这些测试表明粘土对膜的性能有显着影响。因此，实验计划的使用导致了膜的发展及其在未来研究设计中的重要性，使得预测和模拟实验成为可能。