The area of Bagnoli (Gulf of Naples, central Tyrrhenian Sea) has been heavily exposed to pollution for over a century due to the presence of industrial sites along its coastline. The aim of this study is to analyze contaminant concentrations (i.e., heavy metals and hydrocarbons) in seabed sediments through a statistical multivariate approach. Multivariate methods permit us to describe the pollution dynamics affecting the area and distinguish between anthropogenic and natural pollution sources. Additionally, the association between contamination patterns and the wave climate characteristics of the gulf (i.e., wave period, direction, height, power, and energy) is investigated. The study confirms that the main contamination source in the Bagnoli bay is anthropogenic activities (i.e., former steel plant and sewage discharges) for the majority of investigated pollutants. It also provides evidence, however, for the potential co-existence of multiple anthropogenic and geogenic sources of arsenic and other metals that may be originating also from the water-rock interaction and submarine volcanic emissions in the Phlegraean area.

中文翻译：

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后工业区（Bagnoli，那不勒斯）海洋沉积物污染源分配评估

一个多世纪以来，Bagnoli 地区（那不勒斯湾，第勒尼安海中部）一直受到严重污染，因为其海岸线存在工业场所。本研究的目的是通过统计多变量方法分析海底沉积物中的污染物浓度（即重金属和碳氢化合物）。多变量方法使我们能够描述影响该地区的污染动态，并区分人为和自然污染源。此外，还研究了污染模式与海湾的波浪气候特征（即波浪周期、方向、高度、功率和能量）之间的关联。研究证实，Bagnoli 湾的主要污染源是人为活动（即，前钢铁厂和污水排放）为大多数调查的污染物。然而，它还为砷和其他金属的多种人为和地质来源的潜在共存提供了证据，这些来源也可能源自 Phlegraean 地区的水岩相互作用和海底火山排放。