Obesity is a medical condition in which abnormal or excessive fat accumulates to an extent that is associated with various diseases. In our ongoing research to figure out natural products with anti-obesity effects, a phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis was carried out, which resulted in the isolation of two major triterpenoid saponins: gypsogenin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (1) and quillaic acid 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2). Then, the effects of the isolated triterpenoid saponins (1 and 2) on adipocyte differentiation were evaluated, and it was demonstrated that the isolated saponin (1) showed inhibitory effects on adipogenesis. In mature adipocytes, the isolated saponin (1) reversed tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Additionally, the isolated saponin (1) reduced lipolytic gene expression leading to decreased basal lipolysis activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that saponin (1) of M. cochinchinensis exerts beneficial effects in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation and could be a potential therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.

中文翻译：

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苦瓜种子中三萜皂苷对脂肪细胞分化和成熟脂肪细胞炎症的影响。

肥胖是其中异常或过量脂肪积累到与各种疾病相关的程度的医学状况。我们正在进行的研究找出天然产物具有抗肥胖作用，种子的乙醇提取物的植物化学研究木鳖进行，这就造成了两个主要的三萜皂甙的分离：gypsogenin 3- Ø - β - d-半乳糖吡喃糖基（1→2）-[ α - l-鼠李糖基吡喃糖基（1→3）]- β - d-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖苷（1）和喹la酸3- O - β - d-半乳糖吡喃糖基（1→2）-[ α - 1-鼠李糖基吡喃糖基（1→3）]- β - d-葡糖醛酸吡喃糖苷（2）。然后，评估了分离的三萜皂苷（1和2）对脂肪细胞分化的作用，并证明了分离的皂苷（1）对脂肪形成具有抑制作用。在成熟的脂肪细胞中，分离出的皂苷（1）逆转了肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）诱导的促炎细胞因子基因表达。此外，分离的皂苷（1）降低脂解基因表达，导致基础脂解活性降低。总体而言，这些发现表明cochinchinensis的皂苷（1）在调节脂肪形成和脂肪细胞炎症中发挥有益作用，并且可能是治疗肥胖引起的代谢性疾病的潜在治疗选择。