Superoxide radicals, together with nitric oxide (NO), determine the oxidative status of cells, which use different pathways to control their levels in response to stressing conditions. Using gene expression data available in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and microarray results, we compared the expression of genes engaged in pathways controlling reactive oxygen species and NO production, neutralization, and changes in response to the exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in human cancer cell lines originating from different tissues. The expression of NADPH oxidases and NO synthases that participate in superoxide radical and NO production was low in all cell types. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxins participating in radical neutralization showed high expression in nearly all cell types. Some enzymes that may indirectly influence superoxide radical and NO levels showed tissue-specific expression and differences in response to IR. Using fluorescence microscopy and specific dyes, we followed the levels and the distribution of superoxide and NO radicals in living melanoma cells at different times after exposure to IR. Directly after irradiation, we observed an increase of superoxide radicals and NO coexistent in the same subcellular locations, suggesting a switch of NO synthase to the production of superoxide radicals.

中文翻译：

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调节不同细胞类型中超氧化物和一氧化氮产生和中和的电路：参与基因的表达和电离辐射诱导的变化。

超氧自由基与一氧化氮（NO）共同决定细胞的氧化状态，这些细胞通过不同的途径来控制细胞的水平以应对压力条件。利用癌细胞系百科全书中的基因表达数据和微阵列结果，我们比较了参与控制活性氧和NO生成，中和的途径中表达的基因表达，以及响应于细胞暴露于电离辐射（IR）的响应的变化。来自不同组织的人类癌细胞系。在所有细胞类型中，参与超氧化物自由基和NO产生的NADPH氧化酶和NO合酶的表达均较低。参与自由基中和的超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，硫氧还蛋白和过氧化物氧还蛋白在几乎所有细胞类型中均高表达。一些可能间接影响超氧自由基和NO水平的酶表现出组织特异性表达和对IR的响应差异。使用荧光显微镜和特定的染料，我们追踪了活着的黑色素瘤细胞在暴露于红外线后不同时间的超氧化物和一氧化氮的水平和分布。辐射后，我们立即观察到在相同的亚细胞位置中超氧化物自由基和NO的共存增加，表明NO合酶转变为超氧化物自由基的产生。我们观察了暴露于红外光后不同时间的黑色素瘤活细胞中超氧化物和一氧化氮自由基的水平和分布。辐射后，我们立即观察到在同一亚细胞位置中超氧化物自由基和NO的共存增加，表明NO合酶转变为超氧化物自由基的产生。我们观察了暴露于红外光后不同时间的黑色素瘤活细胞中超氧化物和一氧化氮自由基的水平和分布。辐射后，我们立即观察到在同一亚细胞位置中超氧化物自由基和NO的共存增加，表明NO合酶转变为超氧化物自由基的产生。