Quantifying eruption dynamics in submarine environments is challenging. During the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, the formation of hummocky mounds along the north rift was accompanied by tens of thousands of impulsive acoustic signals generated by the interaction of lava and seawater. A catalog of these sounds was integrated with detailed seafloor mapping to better understand eruptive processes in time and space. Mounds grew over a period of 28 days with average extrusion rates of 22 to 45 m³ s⁻¹. The most distant mounds, ~9.5 to 15.5 km down rift from the caldera, grew primarily over the first few days of the eruption. The focus of eruptive activity then retreated ~5 km toward the caldera where it was sustained. Mounds are constructed as a series of superimposed lobes formed through alternating periods of flow inflation, generating up to 30‐m‐thick hummocks, and periods of flow advancement, with <0.02 m s⁻¹ average speeds typically observed.

中文翻译：

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胡安德富卡岭轴向海山北裂谷喷发动力学的量化

量化海底环境中的喷发动态具有挑战性。在2015年的轴向海山喷发期间，沿北裂谷的丘陵丘陵的形成伴随着由熔岩与海水相互作用产生的数万个脉冲声信号。这些声音的目录与详细的海底贴图集成在一起，可以更好地了解时间和空间上的喷发过程。土丘生长28天，平均挤出速率为22至45 m ³  s ^-1。与火山口相距约9.5至15.5公里的最远的土丘主要在喷发的前几天生长。然后爆发活动的焦点向着火山口退缩了约5公里。土墩是由一系列交替的瓣叶构成的，这些瓣叶是通过交替的水流膨胀周期形成的，最多可产生30 m厚的吊床，以及水流推进的周期，通常观察到的平均速度为<0.02 m s ^-1。