Abstract Intense pulsed light (IPL) is capable of entirely replacing thermal annealing (curing and contact formation) within back end processing of silicon solar cells with passivating contacts. In order to demonstrate this, full-size silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells with IPL-processed screen-printed metal contacts are fabricated. The device with the highest conversion efficiency reaches 23.0%, which is confirmed by Fraunhofer ISE CalLab. On average, IPL-annealed SHJ cells outperform their thermally treated pendants by 0.3–0.4%abs, in particular due to higher open-circuit voltages and fill factors. To further exploit the potential of IPL, it is applied to tunnel oxide passivating contacts (TOPCon). 2 cm × 2 cm-sized p-type solar cells with TOPCon layers on both sides are fabricated. On the front they exhibit indium tin oxide (ITO) layers as well as screen-printed metal contacts which are either thermally or IPL-annealed. The trade-off between low contact resistivity at the TOPCon/ITO interface and high-quality surface passivation (open-circuit voltages of up to 709.4 mV) is balanced, which is a current challenge for the optimization of such devices. The IPL-processed cells’ series resistances do not differ significantly from those of thermally treated ones. Due to the pulse durations of several milliseconds only, IPL is very fast and offers a high throughput and, therefore, cost saving potential.

中文翻译：

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具有基于非晶或多晶硅层的钝化触点的太阳能电池后端处理中的强脉冲光

摘要 强脉冲光 (IPL) 能够完全取代具有钝化触点的硅太阳能电池后端处理中的热退火（固化和触点形成）。为了证明这一点，制造了具有 IPL 处理的丝网印刷金属触点的全尺寸硅异质结 (SHJ) 电池。转换效率最高的器件达到 23.0%，这一点得到了 Fraunhofer ISE CalLab 的证实。平均而言，IPL 退火的 SHJ 电池比它们的热处理挂件高 0.3-0.4% abs，特别是由于更高的开路电压和填充因子。为了进一步开发 IPL 的潜力，它被应用于隧道氧化物钝化接触 (TOPCon)。2 cm × 2 cm 大小的 p 型太阳能电池在两侧都带有 TOPCon 层。在正面，它们具有氧化铟锡 (ITO) 层以及经过热退火或 IPL 退火的丝网印刷金属触点。TOPCon/ITO 界面的低接触电阻率和高质量表面钝化（开路电压高达 709.4 mV）之间的权衡是平衡的，这是当前优化此类器件的挑战。经过 IPL 处理的电池的串联电阻与经过热处理的电池的串联电阻没有显着差异。由于脉冲持续时间仅为几毫秒，IPL 速度非常快并提供高吞吐量，因此具有节约成本的潜力。4 mV) 是平衡的，这是当前优化此类设备的挑战。经过 IPL 处理的电池的串联电阻与经过热处理的电池的串联电阻没有显着差异。由于脉冲持续时间仅为几毫秒，IPL 速度非常快并提供高吞吐量，因此具有节约成本的潜力。4 mV) 是平衡的，这是当前优化此类设备的挑战。经过 IPL 处理的电池的串联电阻与经过热处理的电池的串联电阻没有显着差异。由于脉冲持续时间仅为几毫秒，IPL 速度非常快并提供高吞吐量，因此具有节约成本的潜力。