Abstract After thirty years of the framework legislation for parks, their effect on the territories and social communities that created new national park institutes in 1991 was investigated. Some significant indicators were used, such as demography, the structure of records and income conditions, and it emerged that the National Parks did not lead to a clear separation from the dynamics that were already in effect after World War II, and which are typical of the disadvantaged areas in which they are established, in all of that time. There are undoubtedly many causes for this, and they also differ from park to park. In a country like Italy, these certainly depend on the geographic location, since significant socio-economic differences are found along its latitudinal line.

中文翻译：

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“公园效应”？框架立法三十年后对意大利国家公园领土影响的评估测试

摘要 经过三十年的公园框架立法，它们对 1991 年创建新国家公园机构的领土和社会社区的影响进行了调查。使用了一些重要指标，例如人口统计、记录结构和收入状况，结果表明，国家公园并没有明显地与二战后已经生效的动态分离，这些动态是典型的在那段时间里，他们所在的弱势地区。毫无疑问，造成这种情况的原因有很多，而且每个公园也各不相同。在像意大利这样的国家，这些肯定取决于地理位置，因为沿其纬度线发现了显着的社会经济差异。