Background

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum biocide and the active ingredient in the most widely used herbicides worldwide. Since 2015, when the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified it as a Class 2A carcinogen, global interest in this chemical spiked particularly as regards exposure of the general population.

Objective

An exploratory glyphosate exposure assessment was conducted among Portuguese adults.

Methods

Self-selected participants provided first morning urine which was tested for glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) at two distinct periods of time, by two different laboratories using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography linked to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), respectively.

Results

In the first round of testing 28% and 50% presented detectable levels of glyphosate and AMPA respectively, with median values of 0.25 and 0.16 μg/L. Systematically available internal dose values were 8.20E-06 mg/Kg (glyphosate) and 5.04-05 mg/Kg (AMPA). In the second round 73% and 97% presented detectable levels of glyphosate and AMPA respectively with median values of 0.13 and 0.10 μg/L. Systematically available internal dose values were 4.00E-06 mg/Kg (glyphosate) and 3.00E-06 mg/Kg (AMPA).

Conclusions

Glyphosate exposure was detected among Portuguese adults, with percentages of glyphosate and AMPA contaminated urine in both rounds of testing and above values from previous studies in other European countries. Systematically available internal doses values were below EFSA’s risk assessment values (ADI or AOEL), and as such, the concentration values measured in this study are not per se a human health problem. Even though there were study limitations, it is the first assessment in Portugal and contributes to the overall knowledge map of glyphosate exposure in Europe.

中文翻译：

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葡萄牙成人中的草甘膦 - 一项试点研究。

 背景

草甘膦是一种广谱杀菌剂，是全球使用最广泛的除草剂的活性成分。自 2015 年国际癌症研究机构将其列为 2A 类致癌物以来，全球对这种化学物质的兴趣激增，特别是考虑到普通人群的接触情况。

 客观的

在葡萄牙成年人中进行了一项探索性草甘膦暴露评估。

 方法

自选的参与者提供了第一次晨尿，由两个不同的实验室使用气相色谱串联质谱法 (GC-MS-MS) 和高性能液体在两个不同的时间段检测草甘膦及其代谢物氨甲基膦酸 (AMPA)色谱法分别与三重四极杆质谱法 (HPLC-MS/MS) 连接。

 结果

在第一轮测试中，分别有 28% 和 50% 的人检测出草甘膦和 AMPA 水平，中位值分别为 0.25 和 0.16 μg/L。系统可用的内部剂量值为8.20E-06 mg/Kg（草甘膦）和5.04-05 mg/Kg（AMPA）。在第二轮中，73% 和 97% 的草甘膦和 AMPA 检测水平分别为 0.13 和 0.10 μg/L。系统可用的内部剂量值为4.00E-06 mg/Kg（草甘膦）和3.00E-06 mg/Kg（AMPA）。

 结论

在葡萄牙成年人中检测到草甘膦暴露，两轮测试中草甘膦和 AMPA 污染尿液的百分比高于其他欧洲国家先前研究的值。系统可用的内部剂量值低于 EFSA 的风险评估值（ADI 或 AOEL），因此，本研究中测量的浓度值本身并不构成人类健康问题。尽管存在研究局限性，但这是葡萄牙的首次评估，有助于绘制欧洲草甘膦暴露的整体知识图谱。