Leishmaniasis is an important infectious disease in Iran. Rudbar County of Guilan Province is introduced as a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study is going to investigate the sand fly fauna in the province and their seasonality and ecology in Rudbar County. To study the sand fly fauna, the sampling was carried out in ten localities of Guilan Province using light traps, sticky traps and manual aspirators during 2016. For the determination of seasonality, the sampling was carried out every two weeks in the fixed site of Pareh Village of Rudbar County during April–October 2016. Sandflies were removed from sticky traps, rinsed in acetone and then conserved in 80% ethanol as well as the samples of light traps and hand catch. In total, 4430 specimens of sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were collected and identified including Ph. kandelakii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, Ph. tobbi and Se. dentata. Sergentomyia dentata was found for the first time in Guilan Province. The most prevalent species were Ph. tobbi (55.87%), Ph. perfiliewi (36.03%) and Ph. kandelakii (6. 97%). The seasonality of sandflies started in late May and ended in middle October in the fixed site. The peak of activity of Ph. kandelakii was in late June; however that was in late August for Ph. perfiliewi and Ph. tobbi. The monthly abundance of total sand flies was positively correlated with saturation deficit (P = 0.043). The abundance of Ph. perfiliewi was positively correlated with maximum temperature (P = 0.016), relative humidity (P = 0.006), rainfall (P = 0.007), saturation deficit (P = 0.003) and negatively with minimum temperature (P = 0.005). The abundance of Ph. tobbi was positively correlated with saturation deficit (P = 0.041) and negatively with minimum temperature (P = 0.043). The presence of suspected vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, Ph. kandelakii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti and Ph. tobbi, is noteworthy. Finding the exact vectors of leishmaniasis using specific tests in the province is suggested.

利什曼病是伊朗的一种重要传染病。引入桂兰省的Rudbar县是皮肤利什曼病的新焦点。本研究将调查该省的沙蝇动物及其在Rudbar县的季节性和生态。为了研究沙蝇动物，2016年在桂兰省的十个地区使用光阱，粘性阱和手动吸气器进行了采样。为确定季节性，在Pareh的固定地点每两周进行一次采样2016年4月至10月，是Rudbar县的村庄。将沙蝇从粘性捕集器中取出，用丙酮冲洗，然后保存在80％的乙醇中，以及照明捕集器和手抓器的样本。总共有4430个Phlebotomus属和Sergentomyia收集和鉴定，包括博士。kandelakii，博士。neglectus，博士。perfiliewi，博士，瑟氏，博士。tobbi和硒。齿牙 齿兰Sergentomyia dentata首次在桂兰省发现。最流行的物种是托比（Ph。tobbi）（55.87％），百菲利（Ph。perfiliewi）（36.03％）和坎德拉基（Ph。kandelakii）（6. 97％）。在固定地点，沙蝇的季节性始于5月下旬，并于10月中旬结束。坎德勒基氏杆菌的活性最高峰是在六月下旬。但是那是在八月下旬为博菲利维博士和托比博士。沙蝇的月度丰度与饱和度赤字呈正相关（P  = 0.043）。百日草的丰富度与最高温度（P  = 0.016），相对湿度（P  = 0.006），降雨（P  = 0.007），饱和度亏缺（P  = 0.003）正相关，与最低温度（P  = 0.005）负相关。。Tobbi的丰度与饱和度亏缺呈正相关（P  = 0.041），而与最低温度呈负相关（P  = 0.043）。存在皮肤和内脏利什曼病的可疑媒介，值得注意的是坎德莱基博士，内格勒克斯博士，perfiliewi博士，sergenti博士和tobbi博士。建议使用该省的特定测试来查找利什曼病的确切病原体。