Abstract

The objective of this study is to choose the best methodology containing a high-efficiency extraction technique and an extraction agent for the isolation of antidepressants, such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine, from human blood samples. In this research, various extraction agents have been examined to achieve the highest efficiency of the conducted process. Moreover, the following most available extraction techniques have been investigated and compared: liquid–liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The obtained extracts have been analysed with the application of the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The conducted research has confirmed that the microwave-assisted extraction with ethyl acetate—the average extraction efficiency is 77.4 ± 2.7%—onstitute the most promising extraction method and the agent. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the whole blood samples collected from patients treated with the analysed drugs. It should be emphasised that choice of extraction and solvent methods are the first steps to develop the methods allowing for determination of antidepressants in whole blood for toxicological and clinical purposes.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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从人血中分离抗抑郁药的有效提取方法

摘要

这项研究的目的是选择一种包含高效提取技术和提取剂的最佳方法，以从人体血液样本中分离出抗抑郁药，如西酞普兰，氟西汀，帕罗西汀，舍曲林和文拉法辛。在这项研究中，已对各种萃取剂进行了研究，以实现所进行过程的最高效率。此外，已经研究和比较了以下最常用的提取技术：液-液提取，超声辅助提取和微波辅助提取。所获得的提取物已经通过具有质谱的超高效液相色谱法进行了分析。进行的研究证实，乙酸乙酯进行微波辅助萃取，平均萃取效率为77。4±2.7％-替代最有前途的提取方法和试剂。此外，所开发的方法已成功应用于从接受分析药物治疗的患者采集的全血样品的分析。应该强调的是，提取方法和溶剂方法的选择是开发用于确定全血中抗抑郁药以用于毒理学和临床目的的方法的第一步。

图形摘要