Abstract

It is shown that tubular microfiltration membranes made of natural materials (ceramics based on clay minerals and lignocellulose derived from wood) that have been developed at Dumansky Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are highly efficient in water purification from zinc hydroxocompounds. The effect of filtration duration, permeate recovery ratio, pH of the feed solution, and the presence of accompanying ions (Cl^–, \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\), Ca²⁺, and Na⁺) on the separation properties of membranes made of natural materials is studied. It is found that these processes can be used at a Zn ion concentration in the feed solution of up to 100 mg/dm³, which is characteristic of the washing water of electroplating plants; pH 8.5; a total salt content of <1.0 g/dm³; P = 1.0 MPa; and η = 80.0%. Under these conditions, the Zn ion concentration in the permeate does not exceed their maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in wastewater. The high rejection ability of the two membranes is associated with the steric mechanism of their action on zinc hydroxocompound particles formed at the given pH₀ value of the solution. The formation of an additional retaining layer of zinc hydroxocompounds in the form of a dynamic membrane on the membrane surface also contributed to the high rejection ability. It is found that accompanying ions adversely affect the rejection ability of the membrane with respect to zinc hydroxocompounds; however, the formation of a dynamic membrane of these compounds counteracts this disadvantage. It is proposed that tubular microfiltration membranes made of clay minerals and lignocellulose should be used for wastewater purification from zinc hydroxocompounds. The precipitate of zinc hydroxocomplexes retained by the membrane, after dehydration in a filter press, can be used in metallurgy as a feedstock for smelting.

中文翻译：

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使用天然材料制成的管状微滤膜从锌羟基复合物中纯化水

摘要

结果表明，乌克兰国家科学院杜曼斯基胶体化学和水化学研究所开发的由天然材料制成的管状微滤膜（基于粘土矿物和木质纤维素的陶瓷）在水净化方面非常高效锌的羟基化合物。过滤时间，渗透物回收率，进料溶液的pH值以及伴随离子（Cl ^–，\（{\ text {SO}} _ {4} ^ {{2-}}} \），\ （{\ text {HCO}} _ {3} ^ {-} \），Ca ²⁺和Na ⁺）对天然材料制成的膜的分离性能进行了研究。发现这些方法可以在进料溶液中的Zn离子浓度高达100mg / dm ^{3的条件下使用}，这是电镀厂洗涤水的特征。pH值8.5；总盐含量<1.0 g / dm ³ ; P = 1.0兆帕; η＝ 80.0％。在这些条件下，渗透液中的Zn离子浓度不会超过废水中的最大允许浓度（MPC）。两种膜的高排斥能力与其在给定pH ₀下对形成的羟基羟基化合物锌颗粒作用的空间机理有关解决方案的价值。在膜表面上形成动态膜形式的附加的锌羟基化合物保留层也有助于高排斥能力。发现伴随的离子不利地影响了膜对锌羟基化合物的排斥能力。然而，这些化合物的动态膜的形成抵消了该缺点。建议使用由粘土矿物和木质纤维素制成的管状微滤膜来纯化含锌化合物中的废水。在压滤机中脱水后，被膜保留的锌羟基复合物的沉淀物可在冶金中用作冶炼的原料。