Abstract

The pyrometallurgical technology of producing germanium concentrates from the raw materials taken from brown coal deposits (coal, mudstones, siltstones) is accompanied by the formation of silicate slag melts, which concentrate the mineral component of the raw materials (reaching 60% wt %). Obviously, the energy indicators of technology are substantially determined by the physicochemical properties of slag melts. These include electrical conductivity λ, which reflects the structure of silicate melts. The compositions of the slags from processing carbonaceous raw materials differ significantly from nonferrous and ferrous metallurgy slags: they contain high contents of SiO₂ (up to 50–55%), Al₂O₃ (up to 20–22%), and K₂O and Na₂O (up to 5–6%). In addition, noticeable amounts of sulfide sulfur (up to 3%) and microimpurities of nonferrous metals and rare elements (up to 5%) are present in the slags. The differences between the compositions of the slag melts of germanium production and the slags of the general metallurgy affect their properties and require special-purpose studies. Industrial samples of cyclone melting and electric melting slags are studied. Semisynthetic samples prepared from industrial samples by adding SiO₂ and CaO are used to determine the influence of the slag composition on λ. A standard compensation method is used to measure the resistance of the melt with an ac bridge at a frequency of 3.5 kHz. The cell consists of a melt in an alundum crucible with immersed molybdenum electrodes. The melt temperature range is 1100–1550°C. The values ​​of λ of the melts are found to be in the range from 0.01 to 0.30 S/cm and to depend substantially on the basicity (i.e., the ratio of the sum of the CaO and MgO contents to SiO₂) and the Al₂O₃ content. The temperature dependences of λ are shown to be exponential. In the general case, λ of the melts under study is much higher than that characteristic of, e.g., blast-furnace melting at the same basicity. The results obtained are useful for predicting the structure of melts.

中文翻译：

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锗精矿生产中熔渣的电导率

摘要

从褐煤矿床（煤，泥岩，粉砂岩）中提取的原材料生产锗精矿的火法冶金技术伴随着硅酸盐熔渣的形成，从而浓缩了原材料的矿物成分（达到60％wt％）。显然，技术的能量指标基本上取决于炉渣熔体的物理化学性质。这些包括电导率λ，它反映了硅酸盐熔体的结构。加工含碳原料的炉渣的成分与有色和黑色冶金炉渣明显不同：它们包含高含量的SiO ₂（最高50-55％），Al ₂ O ₃（最高20-22％）和K ₂ O和Na₂ O（最高5–6％）。此外，炉渣中还存在明显数量的硫化物硫（最高3％）以及微量的有色金属和稀有元素杂质（最高5％）。锗生产的熔渣成分与一般冶金的熔渣成分之间的差异会影响其性能，需要专门研究。研究了旋风熔炼和电熔渣的工业样品。通过添加SiO ₂由工业样品制备的半合成样品CaO和CaO用于确定炉渣成分对λ的影响。使用标准补偿方法通过交流电桥以3.5 kHz的频率测量熔体的电阻。该电解槽由具有浸入钼电极的铝坩埚中的熔体组成。熔体温度范围是1100-1550°C。发现熔体的λ值在0.01至0.30 S / cm的范围内，并且基本上取决于碱度（即CaO和MgO含量之和与SiO _2的比）和铝₂ O ₃内容。λ的温度依赖性显示为指数。在一般情况下，所研究熔体的λ远高于例如在相同碱度下的高炉熔体的特征。获得的结果可用于预测熔体的结构。