Abstract

Methods for the experimental assessment of residual stresses are analyzed. A corrected classification of the methods is proposed. As a result of comparing the capabilities of the experimental methods, it is shown that mechanical methods are most suitable for assessing residual stresses in the weld zone of welded structures. Among the mechanical methods, of most interest are methods based on creating a probing hole of small diameter and depth. It is shown that the technique for measuring the displacements of surface points in the drilling zone described in GOST R (State Standard) has significant advantages over the American standard. However, the domestic regulatory document gives no recommendations on the choice of interferometer’s optical scheme and does not indicate requirements for the geometric parameters of the probing hole. To increase the sensitivity of the Leith-Upatnieks optical scheme, used to measure the displacements of points on the hole edge, it is proposed to change the slope of interferometer’s optical plane. The sensitivity of the method has also increased accordingly to approach the sensitivity indicators of other optical schemes. As a result of mathematical modeling in the ANSYS program, it has been proved that the flat-bottom hole recommended in the American standard can be replaced by a cone-bottomed hole, which is much easier to fabricate. Modeling and subsequent additional calculations have made it possible to establish the optimum ratio between the depth and diameter of the probing hole. It has been shown that the drilling depth can be halved compared with the requirements of the American standard. Based on the data obtained, a new DON-5TsZ interferometer has been designed and recommendations on the choice of the geometric parameters of the probing hole have been developed.

中文翻译：

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用于评估焊接结构中残余应力的激光干涉法的开发

摘要

分析了残余应力的实验评估方法。建议对方法进行正确分类。比较实验方法性能的结果表明，机械方法最适合评估焊接结构焊接区域中的残余应力。在机械方法中，最感兴趣的是基于创建小直径和深度的探测孔的方法。结果表明，与美国标准相比，GOST R（州标准）中描述的用于测量钻孔区域中表面点位移的技术具有明显的优势。但是，国内法规文件未对选择干涉仪的光学方案提供任何建议，也未指出对探测孔几何参数的要求。为了提高用于测量孔边缘点位移的Leith-Upatnieks光学方案的灵敏度，建议更改干涉仪光学平面的斜率。该方法的灵敏度也相应提高，以接近其他光学方案的灵敏度指标。作为ANSYS程序中数学建模的结果，已证明美国标准中推荐的平底孔可以用更容易制造的圆锥底孔代替。建模和随后的附加计算使得有可能在探测孔的深度和直径之间建立最佳比率。已经证明，与美国标准的要求相比，钻孔深度可以减半。根据获得的数据，