Fisheries can profoundly affect bycatch species with ‘slow’ life history traits. Managing bait type offers one tool to control species selectivity. Different species and sizes of marine predators have different prey, and hence bait, preferences. This preference is a function of a bait’s chemical, visual, acoustic and textural characteristics and size, and for seabirds the effect on hook sink rate is also important. We conducted a global meta-analysis of existing estimates of the relative risk of capture on different pelagic longline baits. We applied a Bayesian random effects meta-analytic regression modelling approach to estimate overall expected bait-specific catch rates. For blue shark and marine turtles, there were 34% (95% HDI: 4–59%) and 60% (95% HDI: 44–76%) significantly lower relative risks of capture on forage fish bait than squid bait, respectively. Overall estimates of bait-specific relative risk were not significantly different for seven other assessed taxa. The lack of a significant overall estimate of relative capture risk for pelagic shark species combined but significant effect for blue sharks suggests there is species-specific variability in bait-specific catch risk within this group. A qualitative literature review suggests that tunas and istiophorid billfishes may have higher catch rates on squid than fish bait, which conflicts with reducing marine turtle and blue shark catch rates. The findings from this synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence support identifying economically viable bycatch management measures with acceptable tradeoffs when multispecies conflicts are unavoidable, and highlight research priorities for global pelagic longline fisheries.

中文翻译：

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远洋延绳钓饵类型对物种选择性的影响：全球证据综合

渔业可以深刻影响具有“缓慢”生活史特征的兼捕物种。管理诱饵类型提供了一种控制物种选择性的工具。不同种类和大小的海洋捕食者有不同的猎物，因此也有不同的偏好。这种偏好是诱饵的化学、视觉、声学和质地特征以及大小的函数，对于海鸟来说，钩沉率的影响也很重要。我们对不同远洋延绳钓诱饵的相对捕获风险的现有估计进行了全球荟萃分析。我们应用贝叶斯随机效应元分析回归建模方法来估计总体预期诱饵特定捕获率。对于蓝鲨和海龟，饲料鱼饵捕获的相对风险比鱿鱼饵低 34%（95% HDI：4-59%）和 60%（95% HDI：44-76%），分别。对于其他七个评估的分类群，诱饵特定相对风险的总体估计没有显着差异。缺乏对远洋鲨鱼物种的相对捕获风险的显着总体估计，但对蓝鲨的显着影响表明该组中诱饵特定捕获风险存在物种特定变异性。一项定性的文献综述表明，金枪鱼和长嘴鲀的鱿鱼捕获率可能高于鱼饵，这与降低海龟和蓝鲨的捕获率相冲突。这种定量和定性证据综合的结果支持在多物种冲突不可避免时确定经济上可行的兼捕管理措施和可接受的权衡，并突出全球远洋延绳钓渔业的研究重点。