The tendency to the formation of macrolide resistance in campylobacteriosis pathogens is considered as a serious threat to public health due to ubiquity of campylobacter strains resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, primarily fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. To assess the prevalence of resistant Campylobacter spp., we performed screening for macrolide sensitivity among 40 Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from raw milk, poultry product, and washings from the equipment of the poultry processing plants. Phenotypic resistance to erythromycin, the most popular antibiotic for the treatment of campylobacteriosis, was revealed in 27.5% C. jejuni strains; 10% strains were resistant to azithromycin. The search and selection for gene markers of Campylobacter resistance to macrolides was performed. It was found that the resistance of C. jejuni to erythromycin is realized mainly via synthesis of proteins that protect ribosomes (the presence of coding sequences was detected in 45% of the studied strains) and the transmembrane pump mechanism (efflux pump CmeABC genes were found in 36% isolates); both mechanisms are transmissible. Chromosomal mutations in the 23S rRNA sequence detected in 18% strains seem to play a less significant role.

中文翻译：

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空肠弯曲菌对大环内酯类抗生素耐药性的形成

由于普遍存在对多种抗生素（主要是氟喹诺酮类和四环素类）具有抗性的弯曲杆菌菌株，因此弯曲杆菌病病原体形成大环内酯耐药性的趋势被认为是对公共健康的严重威胁。为了评估抗性弯曲杆菌属的流行情况，我们对从生奶、家禽产品和家禽加工厂设备的洗涤液中分离的 40 种空肠弯曲杆菌菌株进行了大环内酯敏感性筛查。在 27.5% 的空肠弯曲杆菌菌株中发现了对红霉素（最常用的用于治疗弯曲杆菌病的抗生素）的表型抗性；10%的菌株对阿奇霉素耐药。进行了弯曲杆菌对大环内酯类抗性基因标记的搜索和选择。发现 C. 空肠红霉素主要通过保护核糖体的蛋白质合成（在 45% 的研究菌株中检测到编码序列的存在）和跨膜泵机制（在 36% 的分离株中发现外排泵 CmeABC 基因）；这两种机制都是可以传播的。在 18% 的菌株中检测到的 23S rRNA 序列中的染色体突变似乎起不太重要的作用。