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Common Principles in Functional Organization of VIP/Calretinin Cell-Driven Disinhibitory Circuits Across Cortical Areas.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00032
Alexandre Guet-McCreight 1, 2 , Frances K Skinner 1, 2, 3 , Lisa Topolnik 4, 5
Affiliation  

In the brain, there is a vast diversity of different structures, circuitries, cell types, and cellular genetic expression profiles. While this large diversity can often occlude a clear understanding of how the brain works, careful analyses of analogous studies performed across different brain areas can hint at commonalities in neuronal organization. This in turn can yield a fundamental understanding of necessary circuitry components that are crucial for how information is processed across the brain. In this review, we outline recent in vivo and in vitro studies that have been performed in different cortical areas to characterize the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and/or calretinin (CR)-expressing cells that specialize in inhibiting GABAergic interneurons. In doing so, we make the case that, across cortical structures, interneuron-specific cells commonly specialize in the synaptic disinhibition of excitatory neurons, which can ungate the integration and plasticity of external inputs onto excitatory neurons. In line with this, activation of interneuron- specific cells enhances animal performance across a variety of behavioral tasks that involve learning, memory formation, and sensory discrimination, and may represent a key target for therapeutic interventions under different pathological conditions. As such, interneuron-specific cells across different cortical structures are an essential network component for information processing and normal brain function.

中文翻译:

VIP / Calretinin细胞驱动​​的去抑制电路在整个皮质区域的功能组织中的通用原则。

在大脑中,存在着许多不同的结构,电路,细胞类型和细胞遗传表达谱。尽管这种巨大的多样性通常可以使人们对大脑的工作原理没有一个清晰的了解,但是仔细分析对不同大脑区域进行的类似研究可以暗示神经元组织的共性。反过来,这可以对必要的电路组件产生基本的了解,这些电路组件对于如何在大脑中处理信息至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们概述了最近在不同皮层区域进行的体内和体外研究,以表征专门抑制GABA能性中间神经元的表达血管活性肠多肽(VIP)和/或钙网蛋白(CR)的细胞。这样一来,我们可以得出结论:在整个皮质结构中,中间神经元特异性细胞通常专门作用于兴奋性神经元的突触抑制作用,这可以消除兴奋剂神经元上外部输入的整合和可塑性。与此相符,神经元间特异性细胞的激活在涉及学习,记忆形成和感觉辨别的各种行为任务中增强了动物的表现,并且可能代表了在不同病理条件下进行治疗干预的关键目标。这样,跨不同皮质结构的神经元特异性细胞是信息处理和正常脑功能的重要网络组件。神经元特异性细胞的激活可增强动物在涉及学习,记忆形成和感觉辨别的各种行为任务中的性能,并且可能代表不同病理条件下治疗干预的关键目标。因此,跨不同皮质结构的神经元特异性细胞是信息处理和正常脑功能的重要网络组件。神经元特异性细胞的激活可增强动物在涉及学习,记忆形成和感觉辨别的各种行为任务中的性能,并且可能代表不同病理条件下治疗干预的关键目标。这样,跨不同皮质结构的神经元特异性细胞是信息处理和正常脑功能的重要网络组件。
更新日期:2020-06-09
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