ABSTRACT The small fir bark beetle (Cryphalus piceae) was discovered in Denmark in 2012. Since then, several local outbreaks in greenery plantations have occurred, with numerous dead Noble firs (Abies procera) reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the life cycle and behavioral patterns of C. piceae in Denmark, compared with a literature review of the general life cycle. Currently, C. piceae has been recorded from 24 plantations spread across Denmark. Experimental results confirm the possibility of two complete generations a year plus pertaining sister generation. Cryphalus piceae is generally considered a secondary bark beetle, and in Denmark it was mainly associated with Heterobasidion infected trees. However, its ability to overwinter in living healthy trees makes it a potential vector of unwanted diseases and therefore preventive control methods could be desired. Based on the life cycle, a yearly sanitary cutting in either mid-May or mid-June is recommended, as a control method against C. piceae in monocultures. In Danish greenery plantations, preventive measures against Heterobasidion were evaluated as the most important factor to avoid dead A. procera and the pertaining high populations of C. piceae.

中文翻译：

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对 Cryphalus piceae（鞘翅目：Curculionidae：Scolytinae）生物学和物候学知识的贡献

摘要 小型冷杉树皮甲虫 (Cryphalus piceae) 于 2012 年在丹麦被发现。此后，绿化种植园发生了几次局部暴发，据报道有许多死的冷杉 (Abies procera)。本研究的目的是调查丹麦云杉的生命周期和行为模式，并与一般生命周期的文献综述进行比较。目前，已从分布在丹麦的 24 个种植园中记录到 C. piceae。实验结果证实了一年两完整代加上相关姐妹代的可能性。Cryphalus piceae 通常被认为是一种次生树皮甲虫，在丹麦，它主要与受 Heterobasidion 感染的树木有关。然而，它在健康的活树上越冬的能力使其成为有害疾病的潜在载体，因此可能需要预防控制方法。根据生命周期，建议在 5 月中旬或 6 月中旬每年进行一次卫生切割，作为对单一栽培中云杉的控制方法。在丹麦的绿化种植园中，对 Heterobasidion 的预防措施被认为是避免死亡 A. procera 和相关的大量云杉种群的最重要因素。