Ladle refining plays a crucial role in the steelmaking process, in which a gas stream is bubbled through molten steel to improve the rate of removal of impurities and enhance the transport phenomena that occur in a metallurgical reactor. In this study, the effect of dual gas injection using equal (50%:50%) and differentiated (75%:25%) flows was studied through numerical modeling, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effect of gas flow rate and slag thickness on mixing time and slag eye area were studied numerically and compared with the physical model. The numerical model agrees with the physical model, showing that for optimal performance the ladle must be operated using differentiated flows. Although the numerical model can predict well the hydrodynamic behavior (velocity and turbulent kinetic energy) of the ladle, there is a deviation from the experimental mixing time when using both equal and differentiated gas injection at a high gas flow rate and a high slag thickness. This is probably due to the insufficient capture of the velocity field near the water–oil (steel–slag) interface and slag emulsification by the numerical model, as well as the complicated nature of correctly simulating the interaction between both gas plumes.

中文翻译：

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钢包内等分气体注入的数值模拟：对混合时间和渣眼的影响

钢包精炼在炼钢过程中起着至关重要的作用，在该过程中，气流通过钢水鼓泡，以提高杂质去除率并增强冶金反应器中发生的传输现象。在这项研究中，通过使用计算流体动力学（CFD）进行数值建模，研究了使用相等流量（50％：50％）和差分流量（75％：25％）进行双重气体注入的效果。数值研究了气体流量和炉渣厚度对混合时间和炉渣眼面积的影响，并与物理模型进行了比较。数值模型与物理模型一致，表明为了获得最佳性能，钢包必须使用微分流量进行操作。尽管数值模型可以很好地预测钢包的水动力行为（速度和湍动能），在高气体流量和高炉渣厚度下同时使用均等和差异气体注入时，与实验混合时间存在偏差。这可能是由于数值模型未能充分捕获水-油（钢-矿渣）界面附近的速度场和矿渣乳化，以及正确模拟两种气羽之间相互作用的复杂性。