The paper aims to investigate the holistic environmental benefits of using a battery system on a roll on/roll off (ro-ro) passenger ship which was originally fitted with a diesel engine engaged in Korean coastal service. The process of this research has multiple layers. First, the operating profiles of the case ship were collected, such as speed, output, operation time and the configuration of the diesel propulsion system. Second, the full battery propulsion system, in place of the diesel system, was modelled and simulated on a power simulation software (PSIM) platform to verify the adequacy of the proposed battery propulsion system. Then, the life cycle assessment method was applied to comprehensively compare the environmental footprint of the diesel-mechanical and fully battery-powered vessels. A focus was placed on the life cycle of the energy sources consumed by the case ship in consideration of the South Korea’s current energy importation and production status. Three life cycle stages were considered in the analysis: ‘production’, ‘transport’ and ‘use’. With the aid of Sphera GaBi Software Version 2019 and its extensive data library, the environmental impacts at the energy production and transport stages were evaluated, while the same impacts at the use stage were determined based on actual laboratory measurements. The environmental performance of the two scenarios in four impact categories was discussed: global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). Results of the comparative analysis are presented based on estimates of the overall reduction in the environmental impact potential, thereby demonstrating the overall benefits of using a battery driven propulsion, with a decrease of the GWP by 35.7%, the AP by 77.6%, the EP by 87.8% and the POCP by 77.2%. A series of sensitivity analyses, however, has delivered the important message that the integration of batteries with marine transportation means may not always be the best solution. The types of energy sources used for electricity generation will be a key factor in determining whether the battery technology can ultimately contribute to cleaner shipping or not. By casting doubts on the benefits of battery propulsion, this paper is believed to offer a meaningful insight into developing a proper road map for electrifying ship propulsion toward zero emission of shipping.

中文翻译：

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全电池供电船舶生命周期环境效益评估：船用柴油和电力的对比分析

本文旨在研究在滚动/滚降客船上使用电池系统的整体环境效益，该客船最初装有在韩国沿海地区使用的柴油发动机。研究过程有多个层次。首先，收集了案例船的运行状况，例如速度，输出，运行时间和柴油推进系统的配置。其次，在动力仿真软件（PSIM）平台上对完整的电池推进系统（代替柴油系统）进行了建模和仿真，以验证所提出的电池推进系统的适当性。然后，使用生命周期评估方法来全面比较柴油机和全电池动力船的环境足迹。考虑到韩国目前的能源进口和生产状况，重点放在了案例船消耗的能源的生命周期上。分析中考虑了三个生命周期阶段：“生产”，“运输”和“使用”。借助Sphera GaBi软件版本2019及其广泛的数据库，评估了能源生产和运输阶段的环境影响，同时根据实际实验室测量确定了使用阶段的相同环境影响。讨论了这两种情景在四个影响类别中的环境绩效：全球变暖潜势（GWP），酸化潜势（AP），富营养化潜势（EP）和光化学臭氧产生潜能（POCP）。比较分析的结果是根据对环境潜在影响总体减少量的估算得出的，从而证明了使用电池驱动推进器的总体益处，其中GWP降低了35.7％，AP降低了77.6％，EP增长了87.8％，POCP增长了77.2％。然而，一系列敏感性分析已经传达出重要信息，即电池与海上运输工具的集成可能并不总是最佳解决方案。用于发电的能源类型将是确定电池技术能否最终促进清洁运输的关键因素。通过质疑电池推进的好处，