Abstract Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have recently attracted interest in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis due to the enhancement in intrinsic activity and selectivity through optimized exposure of the active sites. Synthesis of SACs and research into their behavior have helped to elucidate the kinetics and thermodynamics of several key catalytic reactions. However, understanding the interactions between the metal single-atom active sites and the support matrix represents a notable challenge facing the development of atomically dispersed catalysts. Such interactions are essential in optimizing the reaction kinetics and maximizing the catalytic performance. This review explores the current state of the art in single-atom catalysis and critically analyzes the current understanding of metal–support interactions. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future opportunities for development in the field.

中文翻译：

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单原子并不孤单：单原子催化中的金属-载体相互作用

摘要 单原子催化剂（SAC）最近引起了多相催化和电催化领域的兴趣，因为通过优化活性位点的暴露提高了内在活性和选择性。SAC 的合成及其行为研究有助于阐明几个关键催化反应的动力学和热力学。然而，了解金属单原子活性位点与载体基质之间的相互作用代表了原子分散催化剂发展面临的显着挑战。这种相互作用对于优化反应动力学和最大化催化性能至关重要。这篇综述探讨了单原子催化的当前技术水平，并批判性地分析了当前对金属-载体相互作用的理解。最后，