Abstract Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant around the world, and it has been found to have successfully invaded saline soils. To dissect the salt acclimation mechanisms in S. canadensis, we analyzed the transcriptome and proteome of salt-treated S. canadensis for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 days. We identified a total of 7496 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 662, 2569, 3866 and 399 were identified in different salt-treated stages. We identified 0, 14, 76 and 337 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different salt-treated stages, of which sum up to 427 DEPs. These results indicated that the transcriptome of S. canadensis changed greatly in the early stage under salt stress, whereas the proteome changed greatly in the late stage. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 28 modules which consisted of co-expressed DEGs and 5 modules which consisted of co-expressed DEPs. Salt stress altered physiological traits of S. canadensis, including proline content, photosynthesis and three antioxidant enzyme activity, and some genes and proteins were involved in these physiological processes. For example, ‘brown’ module of genes was found to be highly correlated with proline accumulation. Two transcription factor genes, CL13369.Contig2_All (mTERF) and Unigene22959_All (MYB44), were presented in ‘brown’ module as hub genes. We found ‘turquoise’ and ‘blue’ module of proteins with most of DEPs involved in photosynthesis, antioxidant mechanisms and secondary metabolism. The changes in gene and protein expression indicated that S. canadensis may transfer energy into the protective system in response to salt stress, at the cost of photosynthesis and secondary metabolic processes. Our study provided the molecular mechanisms that may explain acclimatory process of S. canadensis to salt stress and provided many candidate genes and proteins for further research.

中文翻译：

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综合生理学、转录组学和蛋白质组学分析揭示了加拿大一枝黄花抗盐性的分子机制。

摘要 加拿大一枝黄花是世界范围内的入侵植物，已成功入侵盐渍土。为了剖析加拿大 S. canadensis 的盐驯化机制，我们分析了盐处理加拿大 S. canadensis 0、1、2、4 和 8 天的转录组和蛋白质组。我们共鉴定出 7496 个差异表达基因 (DEGs)，其中 662、2569、3866 和 399 个在不同盐处理阶段鉴定。我们在不同的盐处理阶段鉴定了 0、14、76 和 337 个差异表达蛋白 (DEP)，其中总计 427 个 DEP。这些结果表明S. canadensis的转录组在盐胁迫的早期发生了很大的变化，而蛋白质组在后期发生了很大的变化。加权基因共表达网络分析 (WGCNA) 确定了由共表达的 DEG 组成的 28 个模块和由共表达的 DEP 组成的 5 个模块。盐胁迫改变了S. canadensis的生理特性，包括脯氨酸含量、光合作用和三种抗氧化酶活性，一些基因和蛋白质参与了这些生理过程。例如，发现基因的“棕色”模块与脯氨酸积累高度相关。两个转录因子基因，CL13369.Contig2_All (mTERF) 和 Unigene22959_All (MYB44)，作为中枢基因出现在“棕色”模块中。我们发现了“绿松石”和“蓝色”蛋白质模块，其中大部分 DEP 参与光合作用、抗氧化机制和次级代谢。基因和蛋白质表达的变化表明 S. canadensis 可能会以光合作用和次生代谢过程为代价，将能量转移到保护系统中以响应盐胁迫。我们的研究提供了可能解释S. canadensis 对盐胁迫的适应过程的分子机制，并为进一步研究提供了许多候选基因和蛋白质。