The carrier phase (CP) technique based on the global positioning system is a widely applied spatial tool for precise time and frequency transfer. However, the traditional CP technique considers the receiver clock offset to be a white noise stochastic process, which introduces unknown errors into the model and thereby compromises time and frequency transfer performance. To improve the performance of the traditional CP technique, an atomic clock modelling CP time transfer (AMCP) method is proposed. A first-order, one variable grey model is employed to establish the receiver clock offset forecast model for the formation of prior information. The results show that the AMCP approach, which uses an atomic clock correlation between nearby epochs, outperformed the traditional CP technique. The noise level of the AMCP solution was improved by 7.7% for the NTSC–PT11 link, and the improvement for the other three time links were all ∼2.0%. The average improvement of the absolute jumps in the day-boundary discontinuities was ∼13.1%. Additionally, the frequency stability of the AMCP solution was improved, and the mean improvement was 10.2, 12.0, 10.7, and 8.3% for TLT4–PT11, USN9–PT11, WAB2–PT11, and NTSC–PT11, respectively.

中文翻译：

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使用载波相位观测来增加时间和频率传输的原子钟建模

基于全球定位系统的载波相位（CP）技术是一种广泛使用的空间工具，用于精确的时间和频率传输。但是，传统的CP技术将接收器时钟偏移视为白噪声随机过程，这将未知误差引入模型中，从而影响了时间和频率传输性能。为了提高传统CP技术的性能，提出了一种原子钟建模CP时间传输（AMCP）方法。采用一阶，一个可变的灰色模型来建立用于先验信息形成的接收器时钟偏移预​​测模型。结果表明，AMCP方法在相邻历元之间使用原子钟相关性，其性能优于传统的CP技术。AMCP解决方案的噪声水平提高了7。NTSC-PT11链接的7％，而其他三个时间链接的改进均为约2.0％。日边界不连续性绝对跳跃的平均改善为〜13.1％。此外，AMCP解决方案的频率稳定性得到了改善，而TLT4-PT11，USN9-PT11，WAB2-PT11和NTSC-PT11的平均改进分别为10.2、12.0、10.7和8.3％。