Stress can cause a variety of central nervous system disorders, which are critically mediated by the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in various brain structures. GABAergic neurons have different subsets, some of which coexpress certain neuropeptides that can be found in the digestive system. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the gut-brain axis, which is primarily regulated by the vagus nerve, is involved in stress, suggesting a communication between the “gut-vagus-brain” pathway and the GABAergic neuronal system. Here, we first summarize the evidence that the GABAergic system plays an essential role in stress responses. In addition, we review the effects of stress on different brain regions and GABAergic neuron subpopulations, including somatostatin, parvalbumin, ionotropic serotonin receptor 5-HT3a, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, with regard to signaling events, behavioral changes, and pathobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Finally, we discuss the gut-brain bidirectional communications and the connection of the GABAergic system and the gut-vagus-brain pathway.

中文翻译：

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应激中的 GABA 能系统：GABA 能神经元亚群和肠-迷走神经-脑通路的影响。

压力可引起多种中枢神经系统疾病，这些疾病主要由各种大脑结构中的γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 系统介导。GABA 能神经元有不同的子集，其中一些子集共同表达消化系统中的某些神经肽。越来越多的证据表明，主要由迷走神经调节的肠-脑轴与压力有关，这表明“肠-迷走神经-脑”通路与 GABA 能神经元系统之间存在沟通。在这里，我们首先总结了 GABA 能系统在应激反应中发挥重要作用的证据。此外，我们回顾了压力对不同大脑区域和 GABA 能神经元亚群的影响，包括生长抑素、小白蛋白、离子型血清素受体 5-HT3a、胆囊收缩素、神经肽 Y 和血管活性肠肽，包括信号事件、行为变化和神经精神疾病的病理学。最后，我们讨论肠-脑双向通讯以及 GABA 能系统和肠-迷走神经-脑通路的连接。