Due to the advent of antiferromagnetic (AF) spintronics there is a burgeoning interest in AF materials for a wide range of potential and actual applications. Generally, AFs are characterized via the ordering at the Neel temperature (TN) but, to have a stable AF configuration, it is necessary that the material have a sufficient level of anisotropy so as to maintain the orientation of the given magnetic state fixed in one direction. Unlike the case for ferromagnets there is little established data on the anisotropy of AFs and in particular its origins and those factors which control it. In this paper these factors are reviewed in the light of recent and established experimental data. Additionally, there is no recognized technique for the first principle determination of the anisotropy of an AF which can only be found indirectly via the exchange bias phenomenon. This technique is reviewed and in particular the implications for the nature of the anisotropy that is measured and its distribution. Finally, a strategy is proposed that would allow for the development of AF materials with controlled anisotropy for future applications.

中文翻译：

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反铁磁体中的各向异性

由于反铁磁 (AF) 自旋电子学的出现，人们对 AF 材料的兴趣日益浓厚，可用于广泛的潜在和实际应用。通常，AF 的特征在于在尼尔温度 (TN) 下的排序，但是，为了具有稳定的 AF 配置，材料必须具有足够的各向异性水平，以保持给定磁态的取向固定在一个方向。与铁磁体的情况不同，关于 AF 各向异性的既定数据很少，特别是其起源和控制它的因素。在本文中，根据最近和已建立的实验数据对这些因素进行了审查。此外，没有公认的技术可用于确定 AF 各向异性的第一原理，只能通过交换偏差现象间接找到。回顾了这项技术，特别是对测量的各向异性性质及其分布的影响。最后，提出了一种策略，可以为未来的应用开发具有受控各向异性的 AF 材料。