Oxidative stress is considered one of the factors that cause dysfunction and damage of neurons, causing diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD).Recently, natural antioxidant sources have emerged as one of the main research areas for the discovery of potential neuroprotectants that can be used to treat neurological diseases. In this research, we assessed the neuroprotective effect of a 70% ethanol Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix (SMR) extract and five of its constituent compounds (tanshinone IIA, caffeic acid, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and salvianic acid A) in HT-22 hippocampal cells. The experimental data showed that most samples were effective in attenuating the cytotoxicity caused by glutamate in HT-22 cells, except for rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. Of the compounds tested, tanshinone IIA (TS-IIA) exerted the strongest effect in protecting HT-22 cells against glutamate neurotoxin. Treatment with 400 nM TS-IIA restored HT-22 cell viability almost completely. TS-IIA prevented glutamate-induced oxytosis by abating the accumulation of calcium influx, reactive oxygen species, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Moreover, TS-IIA inhibited glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by reducing the activation and phosphorylation of p53, as well as by stimulating Akt expression. This research suggested that TS-IIA is a potential neuroprotective component of SMR, with the ability to protect against neuronal cell death induced by excessive amounts of glutamate.

中文翻译：

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丹参中活性成分对谷氨酸诱导的HT-22海马神经元细胞死亡的保护作用

氧化应激被认为是导致神经元功能障碍和损伤，引起肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS），阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）和帕金森氏病（PD）等疾病的因素之一。最近，天然抗氧化剂已成为其中一种发现可用于治疗神经系统疾病的潜在神经保护剂的主要研究领域。在这项研究中，我们评估了70％乙醇丹参的神经保护作用。基数（SMR）提取物及其五种组成化合物（丹参酮IIA，咖啡酸，丹酚酸B，迷迭香酸和丹参酸A）在HT-22海马细胞中。实验数据表明，除迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B以外，大多数样品都能有效地减轻谷氨酸对HT-22细胞的细胞毒性。在所测试的化合物中，丹参酮IIA（TS-IIA）在保护HT方面发挥了最强的作用。 -22细胞对抗谷氨酸神经毒素。用400 nM TS-IIA处理几乎完全恢复了HT-22细胞的活力。TS-IIA通过减少钙流的积累，活性氧和丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶的磷酸化来防止谷氨酸引起的氧化。此外，TS-IIA通过减少p53的激活和磷酸化来抑制谷氨酸诱导的细胞毒性，以及通过刺激Akt表达。这项研究表明，TS-IIA是SMR的潜在神经保护成分，具有防止因过量谷氨酸引起的神经元细胞死亡的能力。