In order to assess the genomic landscape of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) mitogenome, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of 232 Emirate females mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within and compared those to Africa. We investigated the prevalence of haplogroups, genetic variation, heteroplasmy, and demography among the UAE native population with diverse ethnicity and relatively high degree of consanguinity. We identified 968 mtDNA variants and high-resolution 15 haplogroups. Our results show that the UAE population received enough gene flow from Africa represented by the haplogroups L, U6, and M1, and that 16.8% of the population has an eastern provenance, depicted by the U haplogroup and the M Indian haplogroup (12%), whereas western Eurasian and Asian haplogroups (R, J, and K) represent 11 to 15%. Interestingly, we found an ancient migration present through the descendant of L (N1 and X) and other sub-haplogroups (L2a1d and L4) and (L3x1b), which is one of the oldest evolutionary histories outside of Africa. Our demographic analysis shows no population structure among populations, with low diversity and no population differentiation. In addition, we show that the transmission of mtDNA in the UAE population is under purifying selection with hints of diversifying selection on ATP8 gene. Last, our results show a population bottleneck, which coincides with the Western European contact (1400 ybp). Our study of the UAE mitogenomes suggest that several maternal lineage migratory episodes liking African–Asian corridors occurred since the first modern human emerges out of Africa.

中文翻译：

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阿拉伯联合酋长国本土人群线粒体基因组的基因组景观

为了评估阿拉伯联合酋长国 (UAE) 线粒体基因组的基因组景观，我们对 232 名阿联酋女性线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 的完整基因组进行了测序和分析，并将其与非洲进行了比较。我们调查了具有不同种族和相对高度血缘关系的阿联酋本地人口中单倍群、遗传变异、异质性和人口统计学的流行情况。我们鉴定了 968 个 mtDNA 变体和高分辨率的 15 个单倍群。我们的结果表明，阿联酋人口从非洲获得了足够的基因流，以单倍群 L、U6 和 M1 为代表，并且 16.8% 的人口具有东部来源，由 U 单倍群和 M 印度单倍群 (12%) 描述，而欧亚西部和亚洲单倍群（R、J 和 K）占 11% 到 15%。有趣的是，我们通过 L（N1 和 X）和其他亚单倍群（L2a1d 和 L4）和（L3x1b）的后代发现了古老的迁徙，这是非洲以外最古老的进化史之一。我们的人口统计分析表明，种群之间没有种群结构，多样性低，没有种群分化。此外，我们表明阿联酋人群中 mtDNA 的传播处于纯化选择之下，暗示着对 ATP8 基因的多样化选择。最后，我们的结果显示了人口瓶颈，这与西欧接触 (1400 ybp) 相吻合。我们对阿联酋有丝分裂基因组的研究表明，自从第一个现代人走出非洲以来，发生了几次类似非洲-亚洲走廊的母系迁徙事件。