Vibrio natriegens is the fastest-growing microorganism discovered to date, making it a useful model for biotechnology and basic research. While it is recognized for its rapid aerobic metabolism, less is known about anaerobic adaptations in V. natriegens or how the organism survives when oxygen is limited. Here, we describe and characterize extracellular electron transfer (EET) in V. natriegens, a metabolism that requires movement of electrons across protective cellular barriers to reach the extracellular space. V. natriegens performs extracellular electron transfer under fermentative conditions with gluconate, glucosamine, and pyruvate. We characterized a pathway in V. natriegens that requires CymA, PdsA, and MtrCAB for Fe(III) citrate and Fe(III) oxide reduction, which represents a hybrid of strategies previously discovered in Shewanella and Aeromonas. Expression of these V. natriegens genes functionally complemented Shewanella oneidensis mutants. Phylogenetic analysis of the inner membrane quinol dehydrogenases CymA and NapC in gammaproteobacteria suggests that CymA from Shewanella diverged from Vibrionaceae CymA and NapC. Analysis of sequenced Vibrionaceae revealed that the genetic potential to perform EET is conserved in some members of the Harveyi and Vulnificus clades but is more variable in other clades. We provide evidence that EET enhances anaerobic survival of V. natriegens, which may be the primary physiological function for EET in Vibrionaceae.

中文翻译：

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混合细胞外电子转移途径提高了纳氏弧菌的存活率。

Natriegens弧菌是迄今为止发现的增长最快的微生物，使其成为生物技术和基础研究的有用模型。尽管人们公认它具有快速的有氧代谢功能，但对纳豆弧菌的厌氧适应性或有限的氧气条件下生物如何生存的了解却很少。在这里，我们描述并描述了V. natriegens中的细胞外电子转移（EET），这是一种新陈代谢，需要电子通过保护性细胞屏障移动才能到达细胞外空间。V. natriegens在发酵条件下与葡萄糖酸，葡萄糖胺和丙酮酸进行细胞外电子转移。我们表征了V. natriegens中的途径需要CYMA，PDSA和MtrCAB为铁（III），柠檬酸和Fe（III）氧化物还原，其表示先前在发现策略的混合希瓦氏菌和嗜。这些V. natriegens基因的表达在功能上与Shewanella oneidensis突变体互补。内膜苯二酚的系统发育分析脱氢酶CYMA和NAPC中γ-变形菌表明CYMA从希瓦氏菌从发散弧菌CYMA和NAPC。弧菌科测序揭示了进行EET的遗传潜力在Harveyi和Vulnificus进化枝的某些成员中是保守的，而在其他进化枝中则更为可变。我们提供的证据表明，EET增强了V. natriegens的厌氧存活率，这可能是弧菌科EET的主要生理功能。